Core Insights - The discovery by China's LHAASO challenges the long-held belief that black holes are merely "consumers" of matter, revealing them as sources of ultra-high-energy cosmic rays [1][2] - The research published in "National Science Review" and "Science Bulletin" provides insights into the formation of cosmic rays and identifies black holes as "super particle accelerators" [1][3] Group 1: Cosmic Rays and Black Holes - Cosmic rays are high-energy charged particles from space, primarily composed of protons and atomic nuclei, carrying significant information about the universe's origins and evolution [1] - The study identifies five micro-quasars, including SS 433 and V4641 Sgr, as sources of ultra-high-energy gamma rays, with SS 433's energy peak exceeding 1 PeV [2][3] - The energy output from these black holes is likened to the release of energy equivalent to four hundred trillion hydrogen bombs [2] Group 2: The "Knee" Phenomenon - The "knee" in cosmic ray energy distribution, observed at around 3 PeV, has puzzled scientists for nearly 70 years, with previous theories suggesting a limit to the acceleration capabilities of cosmic ray sources [3] - LHAASO's measurements have provided a breakthrough, revealing that the proton energy spectrum at the "knee" is not a simple bend but shows a new high-energy component [3] - This discovery indicates the presence of multiple types of acceleration sources within the Milky Way, each with unique acceleration capabilities and energy ranges [3]

Core Insights - The discovery by China's LHAASO observatory challenges the long-held belief that black holes are merely destructive entities, revealing them as sources of ultra-high-energy cosmic rays [1][2] - The research published in "National Science Review" and "Science Bulletin" provides insights into the formation of cosmic rays and identifies black holes as "super particle accelerators" [1][3] Group 1: Findings on Cosmic Rays - Cosmic rays are high-energy charged particles from space, primarily composed of protons and atomic nuclei, carrying significant information about the universe's origins and evolution [1] - The LHAASO observatory identified five micro-quasars, including SS 433 and V4641 Sgr, as sources of ultra-high-energy gamma rays, with SS 433's energy peak exceeding 1 PeV [2] - The energy output from these black holes is immense, with SS 433's energy comparable to the release of four hundred trillion hydrogen bombs [2] Group 2: Understanding the "Knee" Phenomenon - The "knee" in cosmic ray energy distribution, observed at around 3 PeV, has puzzled scientists for nearly 70 years, with previous theories suggesting a limit to the acceleration capabilities of cosmic ray sources [3] - LHAASO's advanced detection capabilities allowed for precise measurement of proton spectra in the "knee" region, revealing a new high-energy component rather than a simple bend [3] - This breakthrough indicates the presence of multiple types of acceleration sources within the Milky Way, each with unique acceleration capabilities and energy ranges, providing a new understanding of cosmic ray origins [3]

Core Insights - The LHAASO (Large High Altitude Air Shower Observatory) has made a significant discovery regarding microquasars, which are powerful particle accelerators formed by the interaction of black holes and companion stars, capable of accelerating cosmic rays to energies above the "knee" threshold, providing crucial observational evidence for understanding the role of black holes in the origin of cosmic rays [1] Group 1: Cosmic Rays - Cosmic rays are charged particles from outer space, primarily composed of various atomic nuclei, and are considered messengers of cosmic events. The origin of high-energy cosmic rays has been a longstanding mystery [5] - There is a critical turning point in the energy spectrum of cosmic rays, around 30 trillion electron volts, where the number of cosmic rays suddenly decreases, referred to as the "knee" due to its shape resembling a human knee [5] Group 2: Research Findings - The LHAASO has identified a specific type of cosmic system known as microquasars, where black holes in binary systems consume material from companion stars, ejecting some material in the form of jets. This study marks the first detection of ultra-high-energy gamma-ray signals from five microquasars [7] - The research indicates that microquasars have a significantly higher acceleration limit than supernova remnants, reaching the energy threshold of the "knee," thus establishing them as a new source of high-energy cosmic rays [7] - This discovery not only addresses the long-standing mystery of the formation of the cosmic ray "knee" but also links the "knee" structure to specific celestial bodies, namely black hole jet systems, paving a new path for understanding extreme physical processes in the universe [7]

Core Insights - The LHAASO (Large High Altitude Air Shower Observatory) has made a significant discovery regarding microquasars, which are powerful particle accelerators formed by the interaction of black holes and companion stars, capable of accelerating cosmic rays to energies above the "knee" threshold, providing crucial observational evidence for understanding the role of black holes in the origin of cosmic rays [1][6]. Group 1: Cosmic Rays - Cosmic rays are charged particles from outer space, primarily composed of various atomic nuclei, and are considered "messengers" of cosmic events. The origin of high-energy cosmic rays remains a mystery, particularly around the energy spectrum's critical knee point, where the number of cosmic rays sharply decreases at approximately 30 trillion electron volts [4]. - Previous theories suggested that cosmic rays originated from supernova remnants, but observations indicate that these remnants struggle to accelerate particles to energies above the knee [4]. Group 2: Research Methodology - Due to the charged nature of cosmic ray particles, their paths are influenced by magnetic fields, making it challenging to trace their origins directly. However, high-energy gamma rays produced when cosmic rays collide with interstellar matter can travel in straight lines, providing indirect evidence of cosmic ray sources [5]. Group 3: LHAASO's Findings - LHAASO's recent findings point to microquasars as a new class of cosmic ray sources. These systems consist of black holes in binary systems that consume material from companion stars, ejecting some of it as jets. LHAASO detected ultra-high-energy gamma-ray signals from five microquasars, revealing that the particle energies are located in the knee region of the cosmic ray spectrum [6]. - This discovery indicates that there are multiple types of particle accelerators in the Milky Way, with microquasars having a significantly higher acceleration limit than supernova remnants, thus becoming a new source of high-energy cosmic rays [6]. - LHAASO's findings not only address the long-standing mystery of the cosmic ray knee but also establish a connection between the knee structure and specific celestial bodies, such as black hole jet systems, paving the way for a deeper understanding of extreme physical processes in the universe [6].

Core Insights - The LHAASO (Large High Altitude Air Shower Observatory) has made a significant discovery regarding microquasars, which are powerful particle accelerators formed by the interaction of black holes and companion stars, capable of accelerating cosmic rays to energies above the "knee" threshold, providing crucial observational evidence for the role of black holes in the origin of cosmic rays [1][6]. Group 1: Discovery and Research Findings - The latest research led by the Institute of High Energy Physics of the Chinese Academy of Sciences has been published in international academic journals, indicating that microquasars can accelerate cosmic rays to high energies [1][2]. - LHAASO has captured ultra-high-energy gamma-ray signals from five microquasars, revealing that the particle energies producing these gamma rays are located in the "knee" region of the cosmic ray energy spectrum [6][4]. - This discovery suggests that there are multiple types of particle accelerators in the Milky Way, with microquasars having a significantly higher acceleration limit than supernova remnants, thus becoming a new source of high-energy cosmic rays [6][4]. Group 2: Understanding Cosmic Rays - Cosmic rays are charged particles from outer space, primarily composed of various atomic nuclei, and are considered messengers of cosmic events [4]. - The energy spectrum of cosmic rays shows a critical turning point at approximately 30 trillion electron volts, where the number of cosmic rays suddenly decreases, referred to as the "knee" [4]. - Previous theories suggested that cosmic rays originated from supernova remnants, but observations indicate that these remnants struggle to accelerate particles to energies above the "knee" [4][6]. Group 3: Implications of the Findings - The findings from LHAASO not only address the long-standing mystery of the formation of the cosmic ray "knee" but also link this structure to specific celestial bodies, namely black hole jet systems, opening new avenues for understanding extreme physical processes in the universe [6][7]. - LHAASO continues to contribute to scientific endeavors, expanding the boundaries of human knowledge with globally impactful breakthroughs [7].