——摘自"十五五"规划建议 宇宙中充满高能粒子流，即宇宙线。这些来自宇宙深处的"信使"，携带了其诞生地和宇宙极端环境 的神秘信息。其中，千万亿电子伏特（拍电子伏特）左右能区的宇宙线数量会断崖式下降，这个结构因 为形似人的膝盖，被称为"膝"区。然而，"膝"区的宇宙线稀少，卫星探测器面积有限，探测如同大海捞 针。"拉索"如同一双慧眼，能清晰地将质子从纷繁复杂的粒子中筛选出来并进行精确测量。 2025年11月16日，当"'拉索'破解宇宙线'膝'形成之谜"科学成果对全社会发布时，我悬着的心终于 落了地。 加强原始创新和关键核心技术攻关。 （作者为中国科学院高能物理研究所副研究员，本报记者游仪采访整理） ■延伸阅读 "拉索"如何探测宇宙高能粒子信号 "拉索"是我国自主建设的大型宇宙线观测装置，位于四川稻城县海拔4410米的海子山上。作为目前 全球最灵敏的超高能伽马射线探测装置，"拉索"能帮助人类"解码"来自宇宙深处的高能粒子信号，揭示 极端天体活动的物理机制。 宇宙线是来自外太空的高能粒子流，携带着宇宙中天体演化的重要信息。然而，宇宙线能量越高， 数量越稀少，探测难度极大。 2019年起，"拉索"采用"边建设、边运行" ...

Core Insights - The discovery by China's LHAASO observatory challenges the long-held belief that black holes are merely destructive entities, revealing them as sources of ultra-high-energy cosmic rays [1][2] - The research published in "National Science Review" and "Science Bulletin" provides insights into the formation of cosmic rays and identifies black holes as "super particle accelerators" [1][3] Group 1: Findings on Cosmic Rays - Cosmic rays are high-energy charged particles from space, primarily composed of protons and atomic nuclei, carrying significant information about the universe's origins and evolution [1] - The LHAASO observatory identified five micro-quasars, including SS 433 and V4641 Sgr, as sources of ultra-high-energy gamma rays, with SS 433's energy peak exceeding 1 PeV [2] - The energy output from these black holes is immense, with SS 433's energy comparable to the release of four hundred trillion hydrogen bombs [2] Group 2: Understanding the "Knee" Phenomenon - The "knee" in cosmic ray energy distribution, observed at around 3 PeV, has puzzled scientists for nearly 70 years, with previous theories suggesting a limit to the acceleration capabilities of cosmic ray sources [3] - LHAASO's advanced detection capabilities allowed for precise measurement of proton spectra in the "knee" region, revealing a new high-energy component rather than a simple bend [3] - This breakthrough indicates the presence of multiple types of acceleration sources within the Milky Way, each with unique acceleration capabilities and energy ranges, providing a new understanding of cosmic ray origins [3]