宏观消费抑制

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「经济发展」彭森:中国未来经济如何靠消费破局?
Sou Hu Cai Jing· 2025-06-25 18:23
Economic Development - The core viewpoint is that while China's long-term economic fundamentals remain positive, insufficient total demand is a prominent contradiction in the economy. The upcoming Central Economic Work Conference in 2024 prioritizes boosting consumption and improving investment efficiency to expand domestic demand comprehensively [3][4]. Consumption Issues - The 2024 Third Plenary Session of the 20th Party Congress emphasizes the need for comprehensive reforms and modernization, with a critical focus on how to stimulate consumption. Experts agree that addressing consumption issues is crucial for economic recovery, especially given the challenges in manufacturing and services due to weak consumer demand [4][5]. - The book "Consumption Prosperity and China's Future" highlights that China's consumption rate is approximately 30 percentage points lower than that of developed countries, indicating a significant gap that needs to be addressed [6]. Policy Recommendations - To stimulate consumption, a policy transformation is necessary. The book suggests that the focus should shift from investment-driven growth to enhancing consumer spending, advocating for measures such as issuing consumption vouchers and improving social security coverage for low- and middle-income groups [7][8]. - The effectiveness of fiscal policies should not only depend on the scale of deficits but also on the direction and structure of fund usage. Allocating more resources to improve people's livelihoods and stimulate consumption is essential for maximizing macroeconomic multipliers [7][8]. Monetary Policy - The book advocates for a moderately loose monetary policy that focuses on domestic economic indicators such as growth, employment, and asset price stability. It suggests exploring new mechanisms for monetary policy transmission that are more closely related to asset prices and consumption expansion [8][9]. Structural Reforms - Structural and systemic issues contribute to weak consumption, necessitating deep economic reforms, particularly in market-oriented reforms. The long-term solution involves reforming income distribution and social security systems to sustain consumption growth [9][10]. - The relationship between government and market roles in resource allocation is critical. The government should minimize direct resource allocation and allow market mechanisms to drive consumption [10][11]. Conclusion - The book provides a comprehensive framework for promoting consumption prosperity, integrating theories on macro consumption suppression, fiscal policy transformation, monetary policy adjustments, and income distribution reforms. This holistic approach aims to address the challenges of insufficient domestic demand and stimulate economic growth [11].