Group 1 - The exhibition titled "Fires Forge the Backbone · Songs Continue the Chapter - Shandong University during the Anti-Japanese War" opened on September 3, showcasing the university's academic perseverance, cultural heritage, and historical contributions from 1931 to 1945 [1][3] - The exhibition is divided into five sections: "Daiyue Star Light," "Academic Flame," "Cultural Legacy," "Tide Surging China," and "Fires Cloud Inscription," highlighting the efforts of faculty and students during the war [3] - It features notable figures such as Yang Zhensheng, Cheng Fangwu, Lao She, and Zang Kejia, who preserved academic and cultural integrity amidst the war, as well as scientists like Tong Dizhou and Wang Ganchang who contributed to national development [3] Group 2 - The exhibition displays 80 rare documents, including works by Shandong University scholars during the war, such as Huagang's "History of the Chinese National Liberation Movement" and Mao Zedong's writings [3][4] - A digital platform has been established by Shandong University to preserve historical memories, completing the digitization of approximately 6,000 types and nearly 10,000 volumes of rare ancient texts [4] - The exhibition is part of a broader theme event commemorating the 80th anniversary of the victory in the Anti-Japanese War, running from September 3 to October 31 across multiple campuses [4]

Core Viewpoint - The letter written by Zuo Quan during the winter of 1937 reflects deep familial affection and a strong sense of national responsibility amidst the turmoil of war [1] Group 1 - Zuo Quan expresses his longing for his mother after 13 years of separation [1] - The letter highlights the sacrifices made during wartime and the commitment to the country [1] - The historical context emphasizes the importance of remembering and honoring the sacrifices of predecessors [1]

Core Viewpoint - The letter written by Zuo Quan during the winter of 1937 reflects deep familial affection and a strong sense of national responsibility amidst the turmoil of war [1] Group 1 - Zuo Quan expresses his longing for his mother after 13 years of separation, highlighting the emotional toll of war on families [1] - The letter serves as a historical reminder of the sacrifices made by individuals during difficult times, emphasizing the importance of remembering and honoring past heroes [1] - The phrase "no copper coin in the past, and no copper coin in the future" signifies a commitment to selflessness and dedication to the cause, illustrating the mindset of those involved in the struggle [1]

Core Viewpoint - The article highlights the life and contributions of Bao Sen, a significant figure in the anti-Japanese resistance during the Second Sino-Japanese War, emphasizing his bravery, leadership, and the legacy he left behind in the fight for national liberation [1][2][3]. Group 1: Historical Background - Bao Sen, originally named Zhao Baosen, was born in July 1911 in a poor farming family in Shaanxi Province and joined the Chinese Communist Party in 1932 [1]. - He actively participated in anti-imperialist and anti-feudal activities from a young age, facing multiple arrests but remaining steadfast in his beliefs [1]. - After the Marco Polo Bridge Incident in 1937, he joined the Eighth Route Army and fought in various battles in North China, eventually becoming the deputy commander of the Jidong Military Sub-district [1][2]. Group 2: Military Achievements - Bao Sen demonstrated exceptional military prowess, leading his troops to significant victories, including the complete annihilation of a Japanese cavalry unit in July 1940, marking a historic first in the region [2]. - In January 1942, he achieved a remarkable victory at the Yanshankou battle, where his forces, numbering only seven companies, defeated nearly a thousand enemy troops [2]. - His reputation grew, earning him the respect of locals who referred to him affectionately, while the enemy viewed him as a formidable adversary [2]. Group 3: Legacy and Commemoration - Bao Sen's commitment to his country inspired his family, with his nephew Zhao Ke following in his footsteps and participating in various revolutionary activities [3]. - Memorials and monuments have been established in his honor across several locations, including the North China Military Region Martyrs' Cemetery and Tianjin's Panshan Martyrs' Cemetery [3]. - The enduring spirit of Bao Sen is reflected in the red scarves tied to his grave by students, symbolizing the transmission of his heroic legacy to future generations [3].