央视网消息（焦点访谈）：近来，纪念中国人民抗日战争暨世界反法西斯战争胜利80周年的各种展览正在全国各地相继展出。在这场近代以来中国人民 反抗外敌入侵持续时间最长、规模最大、牺牲最多的民族解放斗争中，中国共产党捍卫民族独立最坚定，维护民族利益最坚决，反抗外来侵略最勇敢，战斗 在抗日战争最前线，支撑起中华民族救亡图存的希望，成为全民族抗战的中流砥柱。 在中国共产党历史展览馆，为纪念中国人民抗日战争暨世界反法西斯战争胜利80周年举办的《中流砥柱——中国共产党抗日战争档案展》从8月15日开 展以来，吸引了不少参观者。 以档案作为最主要的内容来展示的《中流砥柱——中国共产党抗日战争档案展》中，一份份珍贵的历史档案，不仅向观众还原了历史细节，也让观众深 刻了解中国共产党是领导中国人民争取民族独立和人民解放的坚强核心。 紧扣中流砥柱这个主题，整个展览分为八个单元，展出了340余份珍贵历史文献档案，内容包括14年抗日战争重大事件档案、重大战役战斗档案以及毛 泽东、周恩来、刘少奇、朱德、邓小平、陈云等老一辈无产阶级革命家亲笔起草的电报、书信、讲话、题词等资料。 很多重大事件和重大战役的档案都是第一次对公众展出。在我党倡导建立维 ...

图①：雁翎队使用过的提灯和用具。 夏日的白洋淀，芦苇摇曳，荷花绽放。 从白洋淀旅游码头启程，登上游船，向淀中驶去。水浪一层推着一层，芦苇荡一片连着一片。这美丽的 水乡曾是一个坚强的堡垒：80多年前的烽火岁月里，一支英雄队伍——雁翎队在这里英勇作战，智斗敌 人，守卫家园。 白洋淀，366平方公里的水域面积，143个淀泊相连而成。抗日战争期间，这支由当地渔民与农民组成的 英雄队伍，在苇壕纵横的白洋淀上，通过水上阻击战、端岗楼拔据点、冰上游击战等，与日军展开殊死 斗争。 "雁翎队，是神兵，来无影，去无踪。千顷苇塘摆战场，抬杆专打鬼子兵" 图②："大抬杆"信口点火处使用的雁翎。 图③：白洋淀航拍。 图④：白洋淀雁翎队纪念馆外观。 以上图片均为李兆民摄 步入纪念馆，一座主题浮雕震撼人心：数名队员或驾驶小船，或手持武器，穿梭在芦苇荡中。坚定的眼 神、无畏的背影，严阵以待的队员们勇往直前，仿佛随时准备给敌人以致命一击。 雁翎队，诗意的名字里满是纷飞的战火。 1939年2月，日寇侵占了新安城（当时的安新县城）并以其为据点，不断对白洋淀水陆各主要村镇进 行"扫荡"和"清乡"，惨无人道地屠杀人民。 令人悲痛的遗址照片，触目惊心的 ...

图为陈玉兰近照。 本报记者 孙海天摄 海南省海口市工人文化宫宿舍区一间简朴的老屋内，105岁的陈玉兰坐在沙发上，柜子上摆着"光荣在党 50年""解放海南五十周年纪念章""琼崖纵队老战士"等纪念章和荣誉证书。当记者问起抗战往事，她缓 缓卷起左腿的裤管，一道十几厘米长的伤疤赫然在目。"这是当年送情报时留下的。"老人的声音不大， 但很坚定，"那次差点送了命，但我不后悔，不怕牺牲。" 交通员的工作有多危险？ "走路可能踩到地雷，有时大喘气都会暴露行踪" "做地下交通员，我摸索出了5条线路。"老人伸出手指，细数起来，"带大部队走开阔大路，速度快，但 必须抓紧走；带重要人员要走最安全的秘密小路，哪怕多花几倍时间，也要确保万无一失；带一般同志 "我家里很多人都死于战争，这仇恨的种子，埋在了我心里。"陈玉兰说，"我参加革命，就是要给亲人 们报仇。"1939年，在海南文昌南阳乡，陈玉兰毅然加入中国共产党，成为一名交通员。 在敌后当交通员，陈玉兰常与危险相伴。她负责的交通线，一出南阳乡就是敌占区，沿途岗哨林立、河 道密布。"出发送信、引带同志，都在夜里进行。四周漆黑一片，只能靠月光和星光辨认方向。"陈玉兰 说，"走路可能踩到地雷 ...

王振斌近照。周颂雪摄 青年时期的王振斌。受访者供图 制图：张芳曼 "1940年，我加入八路军做勤务兵；1941年，我所在的部队改编为新四军，我到连队当战士……"在辽宁 省鞍山市家中，讲起抗日战争的烽火岁月，101岁的抗战老兵王振斌认真注视着镜头，连着说了一个多 小时。 还记得入党时的情景吗？ "入党仪式在林子里进行，为了保护党员，入党申请书读完就烧掉" 1924年1月，王振斌出生于江苏省涟水县跨河乡的一个贫苦家庭。全家九口人，住的是草棚屋子，田无 半亩，全凭出卖劳力维持生计。 参军前，王振斌甚至没穿过一双鞋子，冬天也只是用芦苇花絮编的草鞋御寒。他白天给地主放牛，晚上 就睡在牛棚里，半夜还要添草料，一年下来拼命干活也只能换来两斗麦子。 "这样的日子实在忍受不下去了。"王振斌一边回忆一边摇头，"那时，我听说家乡一带有共产党领导的 武装队伍，打日本鬼子和汉奸，为穷人做好事，我就想去参军当兵。" 1940年7月，八路军来到江苏沭阳一带，16岁的王振斌循着消息找过去，自告奋勇要参军。部队指导员 皱眉："你还是个娃娃，我们行军打仗，你跟不上难道让我们背？"王振斌却决心已定："这好办，我能 跟上，也不怕打仗！"眼看劝不动， ...

Core Viewpoint - The article highlights the life and experiences of Wang Zhenbin, a 101-year-old veteran of the Anti-Japanese War, emphasizing his dedication to the Communist Party and his contributions during various military campaigns [5][10]. Group 1: Early Life and Military Involvement - Wang Zhenbin was born in 1924 into a poor family in Jiangsu Province, where he faced extreme hardships, including not having proper footwear [6]. - In 1940, at the age of 16, he joined the Eighth Route Army as a service soldier, motivated by the desire to fight against Japanese invaders and support the poor [5][6]. - After proving his determination, he was accepted into the army and later became a soldier in the New Fourth Army [7]. Group 2: Combat Experiences - Wang participated in numerous battles during the Anti-Japanese War, including the Gao Yang Campaign, where he was part of a key assault unit [8][9]. - He faced significant challenges, including injuries from enemy fire, but remained committed to his comrades and the cause [8]. - Throughout his service, he contributed to the destruction of over 50 enemy strongholds and played a crucial role in various military operations [9]. Group 3: Post-War Contributions and Legacy - After the war, Wang served in various military leadership roles and continued to demonstrate his commitment to the Communist Party [10]. - He has been actively involved in sharing his experiences and educating younger generations about the history of the revolution [10]. - Wang has documented his experiences in a memoir and continues to engage with the community, emphasizing the importance of remembering the sacrifices made during the war [10][11].

Core Viewpoint - The article highlights the historical significance of the Xiangxi Campaign, also known as the Snow Peak Mountain Campaign, which marked a crucial victory for Chinese forces against the invading Japanese army during World War II, ultimately contributing to Japan's unconditional surrender two months later [1][2]. Group 1: Historical Context - The Xiangxi Campaign took place 80 years ago, where Chinese military and civilians successfully utilized the advantageous terrain of Snow Peak Mountain to repel the Japanese invasion, marking it as the "last battle" on the front lines [1]. - The campaign involved over 280,000 troops from both sides and spanned a frontline of more than 200 kilometers, culminating in a decisive defeat for the Japanese forces [1]. Group 2: Key Battles and Contributions - The Eagle Mountain battle within the Xiangxi Campaign was a pivotal confrontation, where Chinese forces, despite heavy losses, managed to reclaim strategic positions with the support of local civilians [2]. - The local population played a significant role in the resistance against the Japanese, forming guerrilla units and providing logistical support, which was crucial for the Chinese military efforts [2]. Group 3: International Collaboration - The campaign saw significant air support from the American Flying Tigers, with over 2,500 sorties conducted, resulting in substantial enemy casualties and demonstrating effective air-ground coordination [3]. - The surrender of Japanese forces in Xiangxi on August 21, 1945, marked a turning point, with the Japanese representative signing documents that detailed their military deployment in China [3].

"历史课有讲过九一八事变，但只是轻轻带过，我们并不了解其带来的影响和百姓所遭受的苦难。"古同 学说，受教科书影响，大家难以了解更多抗战史，导致他身边不少同学在学抗战历史时会以"旁观者"的 心态看待。他认为，大家可以通过主动查阅更多资料、参观博物馆等，来正确认识这段历史。 1895年日本侵占台湾，半个世纪里，台湾同胞胸怀中华民族意识和光复台湾的决心，与侵略者进行了不 屈不挠的英勇抗争，数十万台湾同胞为此付出了生命。1937年全面抗战爆发后，台湾同胞积极参加和支 援大陆抗战，不少同胞为国捐躯。然而，一段时间以来，民进党当局为谋政治私利，不断修改历史教科 书，刻意淡化两岸中国人抗战历史，企图割裂抗战胜利与台湾光复的联结，甚至美化日本殖民统治。 台湾资深电视制作人樊奇为祖籍浙江，父亲曾参加过抗战。"父亲在战争中挨过枪子，经常给我讲述抗 日往事，这让我对抗战的历史经纬有很清晰的认知。" 新华社沈阳8月17日电（记者王承昊）沈阳"九·一八"历史博物馆门前，残历碑的时间永远定格在1931年 9月18日。台湾自媒体人李东恩在碑前整理好衣襟，眼神坚定，对着镜头说道："今天是8月15日，是日 本宣布无条件投降80周年的日子。两岸 ...

Core Points - The recovery of Shanhaiguan by the People's Army symbolizes the victory of the Chinese nation over Japanese invaders and the restoration of national territory [1][9] - The event marked a significant military achievement, facilitating the advance of the People's Army into Northeast China [1][9] Group 1 - The People's Army successfully recaptured Shanhaiguan on August 30, 1945, after it had been occupied for twelve years [1][9] - The operation involved collaboration with a Soviet Red Army unit, which joined forces to attack the remaining Japanese and puppet troops in the area [9] - The final ultimatum was issued to the occupying forces before the attack, aiming to minimize civilian casualties and protect historical sites [9] Group 2 - Zhang Jinxue, a photographer, documented the military victory, capturing significant moments that reflected the bravery of the troops and the struggles of the people [3][7] - The historical context includes the initial Japanese invasion in 1933 and the subsequent resistance by Chinese forces, culminating in a broader counter-offensive against Japanese occupation [7][9] - Mao Zedong's declaration on August 9, 1945, marked the beginning of a comprehensive counter-offensive against Japanese forces [7][9]

今年8月15日是日本宣布无条件投降80周年。因此今年既是中国人民抗日战争暨世界反法西斯战争胜利80周年， 同时也是日本战败80周年。毫无疑问，中国是二战东方战场反法西斯战争的战胜国，而日本是战败国。 但迄今为止，日本始终不承认在侵华战争中败给了中国，坚持认为只是败给了美国。 但进入战争最后一年的1945年，这一兵力配置再度出现反转，中国战场的日军兵力猛增至198.5万人，逼近200 万大关，而太平洋战场的日军兵力已无法增加，中国战场的兵力超过太平洋战场35万之多。日军在中国战场几 乎全是陆军，而在太平洋战场则主要是海军，日本与美国海军在太平洋的诸多岛屿相继展开了激战。 接下来再看看当年日本在两大战场的军费投入。在发动"9·18事变"的1931年，日本陆军省和海军省的军费合计 是4.6130亿日元，占国家预算的31.2%。1937年由于扩大了战争规模，于是军费开支猛增至32.7794亿日元，预算 占比大幅度攀升至69.2%。1941年由于开始两线作战，军费开支急剧上升至125.342亿日元，其占比也水涨船高 升至75.7%。 从1941年至1945年，日本在中国战场的军费开支总额高达415.41亿日元，占同期军 ...

Core Viewpoint - The articles collectively highlight the significant contributions of various individuals and groups during the Chinese People's War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression, emphasizing the unity and determination of the Chinese people in their fight for national liberation and the role of youth and intellectuals in this struggle [1][4][20]. Group 1: Historical Events and Contributions - The Chinese People's War of Resistance was the first complete victory against foreign invasion in modern times, marked by the establishment of a united front under the leadership of the Communist Party [1]. - The "Minxian Team" was formed to promote anti-Japanese sentiments among youth, leading to the establishment of branches across various cities, which played a crucial role in mobilizing the population for the war effort [18]. - The "Pingshi Intelligence Communication Station" served as a vital hub for intelligence and material transport during the war, operating secret communications that significantly contributed to the resistance efforts [4][5]. Group 2: Key Figures and Their Impact - Cui Xianfang, recognized as the first Communist Party member in the Mentougou area, established the first party branch and educated local youth, fostering revolutionary consciousness [6][7]. - The "Hui Min Brigade," led by Ma Benzhai, achieved numerous victories against Japanese forces, employing innovative tactics that became models for other units [16][17]. - Musicians like Mai Xin and Cao Huasheng used their art to inspire and mobilize the masses, creating songs that became anthems of resistance and unity during the war [14][20]. Group 3: Cultural and Educational Initiatives - The "Minxian Team" organized summer camps for students to engage in physical training and political education, which helped maintain revolutionary fervor among the youth [19]. - The creation of songs and cultural works during this period served as a means to galvanize public sentiment and foster a collective identity against the invaders [15][20].