张俊义（资料图片）。 张淑媛提供 年轻时的 ●刘伊诺 彭新 在石河子市34小区一间洒满阳光的居室里，98岁的张俊义静静地坐在凳子上。岁月在他脸上刻下深深的 沟壑，老人虽已无法开口讲述过往，但桌上那一枚枚勋章、奖章，却在无声地诉说着一段波澜壮阔的人 生。这位老八路从少年参军到屯垦戍边的传奇历程，从他的女儿张淑媛的讲述中，渐渐清晰。 少年投军：瞒着家人去当兵 1945年春，17岁的张俊义还是河北省任丘县的一名中学生。有一天放学路上，他和几个同班同学没有回 家，而是直奔县大队报名参军。这个决定，他没跟家里人商量。 "爷爷奶奶发现他没回家，急得四处打听，最后才知道他和几个同学跑到县大队报名参军了。"张淑媛回 忆道。 那时的中国，抗战的烽火尚未完全熄灭；那时的张俊义，心里像揣着一团火，就想跟着部队走。 "当时家里已经有大儿子参军了，长辈说啥也不愿小儿子再上战场。"张淑媛说，"但父亲铁了心要留 下，爷爷奶奶后来只能望着县大队的方向叹气，不得不接受这个事实。" 这份"铁了心"的执着，贯穿了张俊义的整个军旅生涯。即便训练时磨破了鞋底、练肿了胳膊，他的信念 从未动摇过。 1945年5月，张俊义入伍，恰逢抗日战争即将胜利，他赶上 ...

李光琢，1928年9月生，山东威海人。1944年3月加入敌后抗日武装，1946年10月加入中国共产党，先后 参加孟良崮战役、周村战役、潍县战役、济南战役、淮海战役、抗美援朝战争。获中国人民抗日战争胜 利60、70、80周年纪念章，庆祝中华人民共和国成立70周年纪念章。 我叫李光琢，1928年9月出生于山东威海卫大西庄村——也就是现在的山东省威海市环翠区羊亭镇大西 庄村，父母都是地地道道的农民。我在村里读了四年书，后来又去港头村读了两年，高小毕业，当时在 乡亲们眼里，也算个小知识分子。 可是书还没念完，日本鬼子就来了。1938年3月，威海卫沦陷。当时，国民党郑维屏部侯丰岐营的两个 连、丛镜月部胡德风营的一个连，驻守黄埠屯、半壁山、宋家疃一带，并在离我家不远的龙虎山、葫芦 山和孤石顶3个山头挖战壕、筑工事，摆出要抗击日军的姿态。可他们总是欺负老百姓，挨家挨户"派 饭"，让自己都吃不饱饭的老百姓给他们烙油饼，谁家做的不合他们胃口，就会挨他们的揍，大家暗地 里都叫他们"油饼队"。 就在这个时候，八路军来了。他们保护百姓安全，不拿群众一针一线，还给大家讲抗日救国的道理。我 常常蹲在人群里听，听得心里热乎乎的。从那时起， ...

Core Viewpoint - The narrative highlights the experiences of Li Chengfa, a soldier and medic during the Second Sino-Japanese War and the Chinese Civil War, emphasizing his dedication, bravery, and the harsh realities faced by soldiers during these conflicts [1][6][7]. Group 1: Military Experience - Li Chengfa joined the New Fourth Army in 1942, motivated by the desire to fight against Japanese invaders after witnessing the suffering of civilians [1][2]. - As a medic, he faced challenging conditions, often improvising medical solutions and risking his life to save wounded comrades [2][3]. - He participated in numerous battles, including the Huaihai Campaign and the Yangtze River Crossing, where he witnessed the relentless struggle for survival and the high cost of war [4][7]. Group 2: Personal Transformation - Li's experiences on the battlefield transformed him from a vengeful youth into a committed Communist Party member, driven by a sense of duty to serve the people [6]. - His commitment to the cause was reinforced by his interactions with superiors, who instilled in him the values of sacrifice and service [6]. - The narrative reflects on the emotional toll of war, including the loss of comrades and the impact of witnessing suffering, which deepened his resolve to fight for victory [7].

Core Viewpoint - The narrative highlights the life and experiences of a veteran who participated in significant historical events, emphasizing the resilience and dedication of individuals during wartime, particularly in the context of fighting against Japanese occupation and later contributing to the establishment of the new China. Group 1: Early Life and Motivation - The individual was born in January 1920 in Shanxi and joined the anti-Japanese guerrilla forces in 1940 after witnessing the humiliation of Chinese people by Japanese soldiers [1] - The motivation to fight against the Japanese was fueled by personal experiences of humiliation and a strong sense of national pride [1] Group 2: Military Experiences - The individual participated in their first battle shortly after joining the military, where they learned to use grenades under the guidance of a superior [1] - The narrative describes a harrowing experience during a rescue mission where the individual faced brutal acts committed by Japanese soldiers against Chinese villagers, leading to a fierce confrontation [2] - The individual sustained a serious injury during combat but managed to fight back, illustrating the intense and dangerous conditions faced by soldiers [2] Group 3: Ideological Commitment - The individual expresses a deep respect for the Communist Party, which provided leadership and stability during chaotic moments in battle [3] - The decision to join the Communist Party in 1943 marked a significant commitment to the cause, with a promise to serve the party and the nation [3] Group 4: Post-War Contributions - After the establishment of New China, the individual took on various roles in media and education, contributing to the political and cultural development of the country [5] - Even after retirement, the individual continued to serve the community by organizing mutual aid for the elderly, demonstrating a lifelong commitment to social service [6] Group 5: Reflection and Legacy - At the age of 106, the individual reflects on their life, expressing satisfaction with the progress of the nation and the well-being of its people, highlighting a sense of fulfillment from their contributions [6]

（来源：廊坊日报） 转自：廊坊日报 自我记事儿起，家门前就有一棵大榆树，3米多高，要问有多粗，一个人都搂不过来。它历经沧桑，现 如今依然固守在它那热恋的土地上。它见证了时代的变迁，给我留下美好的记忆。 那棵大榆树向外伸着很多树干，枝丫重叠。冬季，它像一位骨瘦的老人，矗立在那儿，任凭风雪的吹 打；春夏，它绿意浓浓，为人们遮阳乘凉。 据老人们回忆，在那粮食少瓜菜代、吃不饱饿得快的年月，每逢春天，人们爬到树上，捋榆钱充饥。一 是生吃，甜滋滋的，口生甜津；二是用榆钱熬粥喝；三是用榆钱蒸拿糕（地方土语）用蒜泥拌着吃，美 味可口；四是用榆叶搋窝窝头吃、蒸菜团子吃。实在没粮食吃时，人们还会扒下榆树皮晾干后碾成粉， 掺上红高粱面、山药干面蒸窝窝头，擀山药面面条吃。因为榆树皮粉黏性大，面粉不发散。每次我爹看 到人们扒榆树皮就劝说："不要全扒光了，要留下半边儿，不然树会死的。"尽管如此，榆树上还是留下 了斑斑疮疤。现如今人们生活条件好了，但每逢春季，还是有不少人爬到大榆树上，捋榆钱回家凉拌着 吃、蒸菜团子吃。吃的是绿色环保，无公害食品。 大榆树见证了中国人民在抗日战争期间不屈不挠的反抗精神。抗战期间，由于汉奸出卖，日本鬼子把我 ...

Group 1 - The article commemorates the 80th anniversary of the victory in the Chinese People's War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression and the World Anti-Fascist War, highlighting the historical significance of this period in Chinese memory [1] - The Nationalist Party's Central Committee held a meeting to address the urgent military situation as Japanese forces advanced, emphasizing the need for immediate action and support for the military [2][3] - The Nationalist government reorganized the provincial government of Suiyuan, appointing new officials to strengthen governance in response to the ongoing crisis [3] Group 2 - The Nationalist Party declared the necessity of convening a national crisis meeting to determine fundamental strategies for national salvation, while also addressing internal threats [3] - Reports indicated significant financial and material aid provided by the National Relief Committee to flood victims, showcasing the government's efforts in disaster relief [11] - The article mentions various military actions and political maneuvers during the war, including the establishment of new military commands and the coordination of efforts against Japanese aggression [15][18][19]

Group 1 - The article commemorates the 80th anniversary of the victory in the Chinese People's War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression and the World Anti-Fascist War, highlighting the historical significance of this period in Chinese memory [1] - The article features a daily retrospective on significant events that occurred during the war, emphasizing the importance of remembering history [1] Group 2 - On December 27, 1931, Japanese forces launched an attack on the Dawa Che Station, claiming it was necessary for maintaining order in Manchuria [2] - The Japanese government justified military actions in Liaoxi as necessary for "bandit suppression" under the pretext of maintaining security [2] - A meeting in Nanjing gathered over 10,000 people to support peace and urge the Nationalist Party to unify and address national crises [3] Group 3 - On December 27, 1932, the Beiping Political Committee discussed strategies to defend against Japanese military actions in the Rehe region [4] - The Nationalist Party's Southwest Political Committee decided to reinforce troops in Rehe and ordered strict defense measures [5] - A communication from Cai Tingkai urged local leaders to cease conflicts and focus on anti-Japanese efforts [6] Group 4 - On December 27, 1933, military movements were reported as various factions prepared for potential conflicts, with Zhang Xueliang and Ma Zhongying leading forces against local warlords [8] - The Nationalist government appointed Liu Hedong as the commander of the 39th Army, emphasizing military restructuring [8] Group 5 - On December 27, 1934, the Red Army entered Yuxi County, while Liu Guitang's forces engaged in skirmishes in the Beijing area [11] - The completion of the Longhai Railway segment marked a significant development in transportation infrastructure, facilitating military logistics [11] Group 6 - On December 27, 1935, the meeting at Wayaobao concluded with Mao Zedong presenting strategies against Japanese imperialism [12][14] - The Shanghai Cultural Community for National Salvation was established, advocating for a united front against foreign aggression and internal strife [14] Group 7 - On December 27, 1936, the Nationalist Party celebrated Chiang Kai-shek's return to Beijing, emphasizing unity in the face of national crises [19] - The Central Committee of the Communist Party issued directives to strengthen anti-Japanese efforts and promote unity among various military factions [19] Group 8 - On December 27, 1937, Chinese forces engaged in significant battles against Japanese troops, with reports of heavy fighting in various regions [20] - The establishment of the Shandong People's Anti-Japanese Army marked a notable development in local resistance efforts [20] Group 9 - On December 27, 1938, the Eighth Route Army achieved victories against Japanese forces, showcasing the effectiveness of guerrilla tactics [27] - The transfer of the Eighth Route Army headquarters to a new location indicated strategic military adjustments [27] Group 10 - On December 27, 1939, the Eighth Route Army reported successful engagements against Japanese and puppet forces, highlighting ongoing resistance efforts [29] - The establishment of directives for local military organization underscored the importance of coordinated efforts in the anti-Japanese campaign [30] Group 11 - On December 27, 1940, the Eighth Route Army continued to engage in successful operations against Japanese forces, demonstrating resilience [31] - The military's strategic planning and coordination were emphasized in ongoing campaigns against enemy forces [32] Group 12 - On December 27, 1941, the Nationalist government made significant military appointments and strategic decisions in response to ongoing conflicts [46] - The establishment of the new military command structure aimed to enhance operational effectiveness against Japanese aggression [46] Group 13 - On December 27, 1942, the establishment of the new government in the Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningxia Border Region indicated a shift in local governance and military organization [40] - The ongoing discussions regarding international cooperation and military strategy highlighted the complexities of wartime diplomacy [39] Group 14 - On December 27, 1943, the Central Committee issued directives to maintain a focus on anti-spy operations and protect local populations from enemy actions [41] - The military's commitment to community engagement and support was emphasized in ongoing campaigns [42] Group 15 - On December 27, 1944, the Chinese military made significant advances in the northern regions, indicating a shift in the balance of power [44] - The coordination between various military factions was crucial in achieving operational success against Japanese forces [45] Group 16 - On December 27, 1945, the resumption of negotiations between the Nationalist government and the Communist Party marked a pivotal moment in post-war politics [51] - The establishment of new provincial governments and military structures indicated a reorganization of power dynamics in the region [52]

彭雪枫和林颖夫妇合影。 吉鸿昌书信 今天，本报联合中央档案馆国家档案局刊出这些穿越硝烟的文字（信件节选），不仅为了铭记历史，更 为了赓续精神血脉。让这份来自历史的回响，化作我们前行的力量。 ——编者 彭雪枫： 伟大的党的事业，在等待着你！ 裕群： 徐悲鸿书信 蔡炳炎一家合影。 今年是中国人民抗日战争暨世界反法西斯战争胜利80周年。值此岁末回望，80年前的烽火硝烟仿佛仍在 眼前，而那些历经岁月洗礼的家书，依然字字千钧。 彭雪枫致妻子的信，诠释了革命伴侣的家国情怀；蔡炳炎在奔赴罗店战场前，于家书中冷静研判战局、 细致安排家事，展现了军人的担当与慈父柔肠；吉鸿昌的绝笔家书，将对家人的万般不舍与牵挂，化作 了理性而具体的嘱托；徐悲鸿在信中传授给学生的不仅是绘画技巧，更是艺术家的社会责任；化名"陈 云"的孙晓梅则在信中立下了为革命理想而奋斗的志向。 我们婚后的你的第一个生日，应当为你祝福。想多送你一些吃的礼物，又怕过于张扬，所以只好从简。 《斯达林传》倒是一件颇为别致的礼物，倒不在一本书，而在于书的内容，你要学习他。而且在书的首 页，我题了一句话——"我们忠诚坦白之对于爱，一如我们忠诚坦白之对于党！"这也是颇为别致的礼 ...

Core Viewpoint - The article discusses the historical context and significance of Chen Yi being awarded the Marshal rank in 1955, highlighting the differences between the New Fourth Army and the Eighth Route Army, and the implications of this distinction in military recognition and contributions to the Chinese revolution [3][4][15]. Group 1: Historical Context - In 1955, the Chinese military began implementing a rank system, awarding Marshal ranks to ten founding military leaders, with Chen Yi being the only representative from the New Fourth Army [3][4]. - The Eighth Route Army and the New Fourth Army were both crucial in the Anti-Japanese War but had different historical backgrounds and operational scales, with the Eighth Route Army being larger and more prominent in major battles [4][6]. Group 2: Chen Yi's Contributions - Chen Yi, born in 1901, was a significant figure in the New Fourth Army, participating in key uprisings and battles, and later serving as the Minister of Foreign Affairs in the new government [7][15]. - His leadership during the Anti-Japanese War and strict discipline during the liberation of Shanghai left a lasting impression on the populace, earning him recognition and respect [7][10]. Group 3: Controversy and Resolution - There was initial controversy regarding Chen Yi's eligibility for the Marshal rank, as he had not directly commanded troops, leading to his name being temporarily removed from the list [10][12]. - Premier Zhou Enlai advocated for Chen Yi's recognition, emphasizing his contributions and the need for representation from the New Fourth Army among the Marshals, ultimately leading to Chen Yi being awarded the rank [10][12].

Core Viewpoint - The narrative highlights the personal experiences of a soldier during the Second Sino-Japanese War, emphasizing the themes of patriotism, sacrifice, and the importance of collective effort in the fight against Japanese occupation. Group 1: Early Life and Motivation - The individual was born in 1923 in a poor farming family in Weihai, Shandong, and was instilled with a sense of national pride from a young age [1] - Witnessing atrocities committed by Japanese forces fueled a desire to join the fight against them, leading to a decision to become a soldier despite parental concerns [2] Group 2: Military Training and Experience - After joining the army in 1944, the individual served as a medic due to prior medical training, facing challenges such as a lack of medical supplies [2][3] - The individual underwent rigorous training to operate heavy machine guns, eventually becoming proficient and participating in significant battles such as the Wandi Campaign and the Longxu Island Assault [4][5] Group 3: Key Battles and Contributions - During the Wandi Campaign, the individual played a crucial role in ambushing enemy forces, contributing to the successful defeat of a larger enemy contingent [5] - In the Longxu Island Assault, the individual helped capture a key enemy stronghold, showcasing tactical skills and bravery [6] Group 4: Post-War Reflections - After the war, the individual witnessed the rapid development of the country and remained engaged in sharing experiences with younger generations [7][8] - The emotional connection to past military experiences was highlighted during national celebrations, reflecting on the sacrifices made for the current state of the nation [8]