作 者丨王峰 《公报》显示，2024年全国共有学前教育在园幼儿3583.99万人，比上年减少508.99万人。 2023年全国在园幼儿比上年减少534.57万人，两年合计减少超过一千万人。 与此同时，全国幼儿园数量也在加速减少。2024年全国共有幼儿园25.33万所，一年时间全国 有2.11万所幼儿园关停，比上年减少7.69%，比2023年5.12%的降幅有所扩大。 在园幼儿人数减少，给了学前教育探索"小班小园"的机会 。教育部数据显示，2022年全国在 园幼儿人数开始下降，平均班额亦有所下降，从2022年的26.32人降至2023年的25.38人。 编 辑丨陈洁 教育部最新发布的数据显示，我国基础教育学龄人口正在发生深刻的变化。 近日，教育部发表《2024年全国教育事业发展统计公报》（下称《公报》），披露各学段学 生、学校数据。根据《公报》，我国幼儿园在园幼儿人数两年合计减少超过一千万人，小学入 学人数或已达峰，入学高峰排浪式涌向初高中阶段。 但是，幼儿园、小学适龄人口的减少，并不必然带来更明亮宽敞的教室、密度更 高的师生比例，相反，2 0 2 4年全国小学、初中的大班额、超大班额数量同比大幅 增加，高中学 ...

Core Insights - The latest data from the Ministry of Education indicates significant changes in the school-age population in China, with a notable decline in preschool and primary school enrollment, while secondary education is experiencing an increase in student numbers [1][13]. Group 1: Changes in School-Age Population - The number of children in kindergartens has decreased by over 10 million in the past two years, with 35.84 million children enrolled in 2024, down by 5.09 million from the previous year [2][4]. - Primary school enrollment is projected to have peaked, with 16.17 million students enrolled in 2024, a decrease of 2.61 million from the previous year [7][10]. - The total number of primary schools has decreased to 136,300, with a reduction of 7,200 schools compared to the previous year [9]. Group 2: Class Size and Resource Allocation - Despite the decrease in student numbers, the number of large classes (over 56 students) in primary and junior high schools has significantly increased, with a 25% rise in such classes in primary schools [10]. - The average class size in kindergartens has decreased from 26.32 to 25.38 students, indicating a shift towards smaller class sizes [4]. - The government is urged to optimize educational resource allocation to meet the demand for quality education, especially in rural areas [1][11]. Group 3: Secondary Education Trends - Enrollment in junior high schools has increased by 941,200 students to 18.49 million in 2024, while high school enrollment has risen by 684,000 to 10.36 million [13][16]. - The ratio of students entering general high schools versus vocational schools has widened, with over 70% of junior high graduates expected to enroll in general high schools [16][17]. - The Ministry of Education plans to build or expand over 1,000 quality general high schools to address the shortage of high school seats [15]. Group 4: Policy and Future Directions - The implementation of the new Preschool Education Law aims to gradually promote free preschool education in qualified areas, which is expected to enhance the accessibility of early childhood education [5]. - Experts suggest that the government should increase funding for early childhood education and adjust class size standards to improve the quality of education [5][12]. - The focus on balancing educational resources and improving the quality of education is essential for addressing the disparities in educational access across different regions [18].