作 者丨王峰 《公报》显示，2024年全国共有学前教育在园幼儿3583.99万人，比上年减少508.99万人。 2023年全国在园幼儿比上年减少534.57万人，两年合计减少超过一千万人。 与此同时，全国幼儿园数量也在加速减少。2024年全国共有幼儿园25.33万所，一年时间全国 有2.11万所幼儿园关停，比上年减少7.69%，比2023年5.12%的降幅有所扩大。 在园幼儿人数减少，给了学前教育探索"小班小园"的机会 。教育部数据显示，2022年全国在 园幼儿人数开始下降，平均班额亦有所下降，从2022年的26.32人降至2023年的25.38人。 编 辑丨陈洁 教育部最新发布的数据显示，我国基础教育学龄人口正在发生深刻的变化。 近日，教育部发表《2024年全国教育事业发展统计公报》（下称《公报》），披露各学段学 生、学校数据。根据《公报》，我国幼儿园在园幼儿人数两年合计减少超过一千万人，小学入 学人数或已达峰，入学高峰排浪式涌向初高中阶段。 但是，幼儿园、小学适龄人口的减少，并不必然带来更明亮宽敞的教室、密度更 高的师生比例，相反，2 0 2 4年全国小学、初中的大班额、超大班额数量同比大幅 增加，高中学 ...

Core Insights - The latest data from the Ministry of Education indicates significant changes in the school-age population in China, with a notable decline in preschool and primary school enrollment, while secondary education is experiencing an increase in student numbers [1][13]. Group 1: Changes in School-Age Population - The number of children in kindergartens has decreased by over 10 million in the past two years, with 35.84 million children enrolled in 2024, down by 5.09 million from the previous year [2][4]. - Primary school enrollment is projected to have peaked, with 16.17 million students enrolled in 2024, a decrease of 2.61 million from the previous year [7][10]. - The total number of primary schools has decreased to 136,300, with a reduction of 7,200 schools compared to the previous year [9]. Group 2: Class Size and Resource Allocation - Despite the decrease in student numbers, the number of large classes (over 56 students) in primary and junior high schools has significantly increased, with a 25% rise in such classes in primary schools [10]. - The average class size in kindergartens has decreased from 26.32 to 25.38 students, indicating a shift towards smaller class sizes [4]. - The government is urged to optimize educational resource allocation to meet the demand for quality education, especially in rural areas [1][11]. Group 3: Secondary Education Trends - Enrollment in junior high schools has increased by 941,200 students to 18.49 million in 2024, while high school enrollment has risen by 684,000 to 10.36 million [13][16]. - The ratio of students entering general high schools versus vocational schools has widened, with over 70% of junior high graduates expected to enroll in general high schools [16][17]. - The Ministry of Education plans to build or expand over 1,000 quality general high schools to address the shortage of high school seats [15]. Group 4: Policy and Future Directions - The implementation of the new Preschool Education Law aims to gradually promote free preschool education in qualified areas, which is expected to enhance the accessibility of early childhood education [5]. - Experts suggest that the government should increase funding for early childhood education and adjust class size standards to improve the quality of education [5][12]. - The focus on balancing educational resources and improving the quality of education is essential for addressing the disparities in educational access across different regions [18].

作 者丨王峰 编 辑丨陈洁 近日，各地高中阶段学校考试招生工作（以下简称"中招工作"）开始。顺应家庭需求，让更多 初中毕业生升入普通高中，是各地中招政策的特点。 至少有北京、成都、江苏、浙江等地表 示，将落实国家相关政策，增加普通高中招生计划。 中办、国办印发的《教育强国建设规划纲要（2 0 2 4—2 0 3 5年）》提出，加快扩大普通高中教 育资源供给。 2 0 2 5年政府工作报告提出，扩大高中阶段教育学位供给。 高中阶段教育主要包括普通高中教育、中等职业教育。原本齐头并进的两类教育如今已呈现明 显差异，由于各地大量新建改扩建普通高中，全国范围内的普职比已接近7 : 3。 最新数据显示，2 0 2 4年全国普通高中招生1 0 3 6 . 2万人， 首次突破1 0 0 0万人 ，比上年 增加6 8 . 4万人， 增幅为2 0年来之最 。 成绩很明显，但还不够。由于今后几年入学人口还将增长，且读普通高中的需求还未完全满 足，各地在加足马力增加普通高中学位。有的地方甚至把普通高中学位供给纳入提振消费政 策。 从"扩优"到"扩容"， 多地集体放大招！ 图 源丨2 1世纪经济报道 | | | 近年全国普通高中人数 ...

Core Viewpoint - The article discusses the proposal of implementing a "twelve-year compulsory education" system in China, emphasizing the need to alleviate educational pressure and anxiety among students and parents [2][11]. Group 1: Implementation of Twelve-Year Compulsory Education - The concept of "twelve-year compulsory education" has two dimensions: "no cost" and "no exams" [4][7]. - Some regions in China have already begun to implement free high school education, such as Xinjiang and Shaanxi, indicating that financial feasibility varies by region [5][6]. - The main challenge for nationwide implementation lies in fiscal support, as some areas struggle to maintain free education policies [5]. Group 2: Educational Pressure and "Track Division" - The current educational system involves "track division," where students are separated into general and vocational high schools based on their exam performance, leading to significant pressure on students [9]. - The current division ratio often favors general high schools, with over 60% of students entering this track, leaving a substantial number without access to higher education [9][10]. - The article suggests that making high school compulsory could relieve the pressure of "track division," allowing all students to attend high school without the stress of exams [10]. Group 3: Long-Term Implications of Educational Changes - While compulsory high school education may alleviate immediate educational anxiety, it does not address the broader issue of "degree inflation" in higher education, where the number of graduates exceeds job opportunities [12][13]. - The article highlights that the real challenge lies in the labor market, where structural issues create disparities in job opportunities and welfare for different educational backgrounds [14][15]. - The need for skilled labor remains high, yet societal perceptions and job conditions deter students from pursuing vocational paths, indicating a deeper systemic issue beyond education alone [15].

Core Viewpoint - The article emphasizes the need for early implementation of twelve-year compulsory education to alleviate "involution" and unnecessary competition among teachers and students [3][5][11] Group 1: Education Policy Recommendations - National representatives suggest promoting high-quality and balanced development of compulsory education, expanding high school enrollment, and gradually implementing free preschool education [1][2] - There is a call to gradually diminish the "key high school" label and reform the high school entrance examination system to support diverse development in high schools [1][6] - The "Double Reduction" policy has led to significant changes in the education ecosystem, but educational anxiety persists, indicating a need for further reforms [4][10] Group 2: Addressing Educational Anxiety - Research indicates that despite reduced academic burdens, parents still experience anxiety related to educational competition [4][5] - Suggestions include innovating after-school service models and utilizing digital platforms to enhance resource integration and improve service quality [5][11] - The current system of dividing students into academic and vocational tracks after the entrance exam is seen as premature and a source of stress [5][6] Group 3: Enhancing Physical Education - New policies mandate that students engage in at least two hours of physical activity daily, although this has sparked debate among parents concerned about academic impacts [8][9] - Recommendations include increasing physical education class hours, improving facilities, and ensuring adequate teacher training to support these initiatives [9][10] Group 4: Teacher Support and Technology Integration - The government has recognized the need to reduce non-teaching burdens on teachers, with policies aimed at alleviating their workload [10][11] - There is a focus on leveraging artificial intelligence to enhance teaching quality and reduce pressure on educators, with calls for integrating technology into educational practices [11][12]