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OpenAI重大发现:GPT-4b micro改造诺奖研究,山中因子重编程效率提高50倍
机器之心· 2025-08-23 10:51
Core Viewpoint - The collaboration between OpenAI and Retro Bio aims to enhance the efficiency of stem cell reprogramming through the development of a new model, GPT-4b micro, which significantly improves the reprogramming efficiency of Yamanaka factors by 50 times compared to standard methods [2][3][26]. Group 1: Collaboration and Investment - OpenAI announced its partnership with Retro Bio to develop a new model, GPT-4b micro, which focuses on enhancing Yamanaka factors for stem cell reprogramming [2]. - Sam Altman personally invested $180 million in Retro Bio prior to this collaboration [3]. Group 2: Technological Advancements - The new model, GPT-4b micro, has a similar architecture to GPT-4o but employs a novel training method and a custom biological dataset to allow scientists to redesign proteins according to their needs [9]. - The model can handle a context length of up to 64,000 tokens, a first for protein sequence models, and exhibits scaling laws similar to language models, indicating predictable improvements with larger datasets [12]. Group 3: Research Findings - The Retro team utilized human fibroblasts to create a wet lab screening platform, where GPT-4b micro proposed diverse "RetroSOX" sequences that outperformed wild-type SOX2 in expressing pluripotency markers [14][15]. - For KLF4, the model generated enhanced RetroKLF variants, achieving a hit rate close to 50%, significantly higher than traditional methods [18]. - Combining the best RetroSOX and RetroKLF variants led to notable increases in early and late pluripotency markers, with the appearance of late markers occurring days earlier than with standard OSKM combinations [20]. Group 4: Clinical Potential and Validation - The study demonstrated that over 30% of cells began expressing key pluripotency markers within 7 days using mRNA delivery methods, with over 85% activating endogenous expression of critical stem cell markers by day 12 [24]. - The engineered variants showed robust genomic stability and the ability to differentiate into all three germ layers, supporting their potential for cell therapy applications [24]. Group 5: Future Outlook - OpenAI's work illustrates that specialized models can lead to rapid breakthroughs in scientific research, potentially solving problems in days that previously took years [32].
新突破!广州科研团队用莲藕接骨“塑肉身”,冻豆腐、枸杞、油柑都在研究之列
Huan Qiu Wang Zi Xun· 2025-06-04 05:55
Core Viewpoint - The article discusses the innovative use of lotus root as a natural biomaterial for bone and skin wound healing, highlighting its potential in regenerative medicine and its advantages over traditional materials like bone cement [1][3][9]. Group 1: Lotus Root as a Biomaterial - Lotus root is identified as a high-strength composite material with a natural porous structure, making it suitable for bone repair [3][4]. - Research indicates that using lotus root as a bone repair material significantly accelerates the healing process in animal models compared to control groups [3][13]. - The lotus root scaffold promotes the growth of new blood vessels and nerves, enhancing the microenvironment for bone healing [6][9]. Group 2: Production and Processing - The production of lotus root biomaterials involves simple processes such as freeze-drying and mineralization, which reduce immunogenicity and enhance strength [9][10]. - After processing, the strength of lotus root materials is comparable to human bone, making it a viable alternative to bone cement [9][10]. Group 3: Experimental Validation - Experiments on mice with cranial bone defects showed that lotus root scaffolds led to a healing rate of approximately 50%, significantly higher than untreated controls [13][14]. - Future studies are planned to test the effectiveness of lotus root scaffolds in larger animal models, such as sheep, to address larger bone defects in humans [14][16]. Group 4: Broader Research Initiatives - The research team is also exploring other food materials like frozen tofu and goji berries for their potential applications in biomedical engineering [17]. - The emphasis is on utilizing natural materials to inspire new biomaterials, reflecting a trend towards biomimicry in material science [17]. Group 5: Stem Cell Research - The Guangzhou Institute of Biomedicine and Health has made significant advancements in stem cell research, particularly in obtaining induced pluripotent stem cells (iPS) from human urine [19][20]. - This method is non-invasive and quick, with potential applications in generating functional blood cells for therapeutic purposes [21].