Group 1 - The cement industry will be included in the national carbon market by 2025, with a focus on supporting decarbonization and green development in the construction sector as carbon peak deadlines approach [1] - Currently, less than 1% of buildings globally achieve net-zero carbon emissions in daily use, and this percentage decreases when considering the embedded emissions from building materials [2][3] - The affordability of green buildings remains a significant challenge for both developed and emerging economies, compounded by gaps in capacity building, knowledge, and skills [1][3] Group 2 - The global stock of zero-carbon buildings is below 1%, with new buildings achieving a zero-carbon rate of about 5% over the past 5 to 10 years, indicating a need for substantial improvement [2] - The construction sector is responsible for 50% to 75% of urban greenhouse gas emissions, necessitating multiple pathways for emission reduction, including investments in renewable energy and energy efficiency [5][6] - To meet the International Energy Agency's (IEA) 2050 net-zero target, the speed of energy efficiency improvements in the building sector must increase by 2 to 3 times [5] Group 3 - The upfront costs of retrofitting and constructing net-zero and resilient buildings are high, which deters investment due to perceived risks and low returns [2][4] - Innovative financing models, such as green bonds and energy performance contracts, are essential to address the financing challenges in green building projects [7][8] - The global investment required to achieve net-zero and resilient building goals is estimated at $1.7 trillion annually over the next five years, with private capital playing a crucial role [7][8] Group 4 - Key technologies for driving green low-carbon buildings include building passports and smart home systems, which track energy consumption and incentivize behavioral changes [9][10] - The WRI is focusing on energy-efficient retrofitting in urban renewal in China, promoting regional energy-saving technologies and financial support models [10]