Core Viewpoint - The article discusses the challenges and issues in Chinese literary criticism, particularly the phenomena of "forced interpretation" and "over-interpretation" that arise from the influence of Western literary theories on Chinese literature [1][4]. Group 1: Forced Interpretation - Forced interpretation is defined as a deviation from the text's discourse, where literary texts are interpreted according to the subjective intentions and conclusions of the interpreter, often leading to misinterpretations [2]. - Three characteristics of forced interpretation include: 1. External appropriation, where theories from outside the literary field are forcibly applied, resulting in misinterpretations [2]. 2. Subjective preconception, where the original meaning of the text is ignored, and interpretations are made to fit preconceived notions [2]. 3. Non-logical proof, where reasoning contradicts logical principles, leading to erroneous conclusions [2]. Group 2: Over-Interpretation - Over-interpretation refers to the phenomenon where researchers derive meanings that do not exist in the text based on personal experiences, often leading to exaggerated interpretations [4]. - The article highlights that over-interpretation can lead to absurd conclusions, such as attributing modern psychological concepts to classical literature without proper context [4][5]. Group 3: Differences and Commonalities - The difference between forced interpretation and over-interpretation lies in their approach: forced interpretation uses external theories to validate pre-existing beliefs, while over-interpretation remains within the literary field but stretches meanings beyond the text [5]. - Both phenomena result in a loss of the original essence of literature, moving beyond established meanings [5]. Group 4: Proposed Solutions - The article advocates for a return to "ontological interpretation," which focuses on the text's inherent meaning without preconceived notions, emphasizing a more accurate and objective reading of literature [6]. - It suggests building a unique knowledge system that reflects Chinese characteristics while being open to international perspectives, thus avoiding blind reliance on Western theories [6][7]. - The integration of digital humanities and innovative criticism methods is encouraged to develop a comprehensive model for literary criticism that aligns with contemporary needs [7].

Core Viewpoint - The article discusses the challenges and issues in Chinese literary criticism influenced by Western theories, highlighting the phenomena of "forced interpretation" and "over-interpretation" that distort the original meanings of Chinese literature [1][4]. Group 1: Forced Interpretation - Forced interpretation is defined as a deviation from the text's discourse, where external theories are imposed on literary texts, leading to misinterpretations [2]. - Characteristics of forced interpretation include: 1. External appropriation, where theories from outside the literary field are applied without critical reflection, resulting in awkward interpretations [2]. 2. Subjective preconceptions, where critics ignore the original meanings of texts and impose their conclusions [2]. 3. Non-logical reasoning, where conclusions are drawn that contradict logical principles and common sense [2]. Group 2: Strategies of Forced Interpretation - Strategies for forced interpretation include: 1. Rigid embedding, where external theories are forcibly applied to fit conclusions, altering the original discourse [3]. 2. Word attachment, where new foreign concepts are used to label Chinese literature, often leading to absurd interpretations [3]. 3. Retrospective application, where contemporary theories are used to interpret ancient texts, leading to unfounded assumptions [3]. Group 3: Over-Interpretation - Over-interpretation is described as deriving meanings beyond the text based on personal experiences, often leading to excessive speculation [4]. - It contrasts with forced interpretation as it remains within the literary field but still distorts the original meanings [5]. Group 4: Need for a New Framework - There is a call for a return to "ontological interpretation," which focuses on the text's inherent meaning without preconceived notions [6]. - This approach emphasizes a three-level interpretation model: core interpretation, original interpretation, and effect interpretation, ensuring a more accurate understanding of the text [6]. Group 5: Building a Chinese Literary Criticism System - The article advocates for the construction of a knowledge system that reflects both Chinese characteristics and international perspectives, moving away from reliance on Western theories [7]. - It emphasizes the importance of cultural confidence and the need to develop a criticism framework rooted in local experiences [8].