Core Viewpoint - The breakthrough in solid-state battery technology involves reducing the operating stack pressure from hundreds of megapascals (MPa) to single-digit levels, indicating a significant step towards commercialization and large-scale application [1][2][3] Group 1: Understanding the Breakthrough - There are two types of pressure in solid-state batteries: fabrication pressure, which is high during manufacturing, and operating stack pressure, which is maintained throughout the battery's lifecycle [2] - The goal of the industry is to reduce operating pressure below 10MPa, with automotive OEMs aiming for a stringent limit of 2MPa, aligning with the pressure range of current liquid lithium-ion batteries [3][4] Group 2: Innovations Leading to Low-Pressure Operation - The ability to operate at low pressure is achieved through fundamental solutions to interface issues rather than relying on external pressure [4] - Innovations in materials, such as new solid electrolytes with intrinsic elasticity and deformability, are crucial for reducing dependence on external pressure [4][5] - Interface engineering aims to create self-stabilizing capabilities at the interface, mitigating risks associated with dendrite formation [4][5] Group 3: Structural Design and Future Prospects - Precision structural design, including porous materials and composite electrodes, allows for stress relief and increases effective contact area, replacing the need for external physical compression [5] - Recent advancements suggest the possibility of "pressure-less" operation, with solid-state batteries using halide electrolytes functioning reliably at near-atmospheric pressure [6] - The focus is now on reducing the still high fabrication pressure to optimize production efficiency and lower manufacturing costs, paving the way for widespread adoption of solid-state batteries [6]