Core Insights - A nationwide cold wave is affecting most regions of China, leading to an increase in acute infectious diarrhea caused by pathogens like norovirus and rotavirus, particularly among vulnerable populations [1][2][3] Group 1: Norovirus - Norovirus, also known as winter vomiting disease, has a peak season from October to March, with a low infectious dose and a rapid onset of symptoms, typically within 24 to 48 hours [1][2] - Symptoms of norovirus infection include gastrointestinal issues such as nausea, vomiting, fever, abdominal pain, and diarrhea, with children experiencing more vomiting and adults primarily suffering from diarrhea [2][3] - There is no specific antiviral treatment for norovirus; management focuses on symptomatic support, including hydration and electrolyte correction, especially for high-risk groups like children and the elderly [3][6] Group 2: Rotavirus - Rotavirus infections are particularly risky for children under two years old, with symptoms including watery diarrhea, fever, and vomiting [5][9] - Both norovirus and rotavirus are primarily transmitted through the fecal-oral route, with potential contamination from infected food, water, or surfaces [5][9] - Vaccination against rotavirus is an effective preventive measure for children, recommended by the World Health Organization to start at six weeks of age to build immunity before the peak infection season [7][9] Group 3: Prevention and Management - Emphasis on hygiene practices, such as ensuring food cleanliness and regular disinfection of potentially contaminated items, is crucial for preventing rotavirus infections [9][11] - Parents are advised to monitor their children for symptoms like vomiting and diarrhea, ensuring adequate hydration and seeking medical attention if symptoms worsen [9][11] - Schools and childcare facilities are highlighted as critical areas for prevention, with recommendations for strict food hygiene and health monitoring of staff to prevent outbreaks [9][11]