Core Insights - A nationwide cold wave is affecting most regions of China, leading to an increase in acute infectious diarrhea caused by pathogens like norovirus and rotavirus, particularly among vulnerable populations [1][2][3] Group 1: Norovirus - Norovirus, also known as winter vomiting disease, has a peak season from October to March, with a low infectious dose and a rapid onset of symptoms, typically within 24 to 48 hours [1][2] - Symptoms of norovirus infection include gastrointestinal issues such as nausea, vomiting, fever, abdominal pain, and diarrhea, with children experiencing more vomiting and adults primarily suffering from diarrhea [2][3] - There is no specific antiviral treatment for norovirus; management focuses on symptomatic support, including hydration and electrolyte correction, especially for high-risk groups like children and the elderly [3][6] Group 2: Rotavirus - Rotavirus infections are particularly risky for children under two years old, with symptoms including watery diarrhea, fever, and vomiting [5][9] - Both norovirus and rotavirus are primarily transmitted through the fecal-oral route, with potential contamination from infected food, water, or surfaces [5][9] - Vaccination against rotavirus is an effective preventive measure for children, recommended by the World Health Organization to start at six weeks of age to build immunity before the peak infection season [7][9] Group 3: Prevention and Management - Emphasis on hygiene practices, such as ensuring food cleanliness and regular disinfection of potentially contaminated items, is crucial for preventing rotavirus infections [9][11] - Parents are advised to monitor their children for symptoms like vomiting and diarrhea, ensuring adequate hydration and seeking medical attention if symptoms worsen [9][11] - Schools and childcare facilities are highlighted as critical areas for prevention, with recommendations for strict food hygiene and health monitoring of staff to prevent outbreaks [9][11]

Core Insights - The article highlights the successful implementation of a digital immunization planning information system in Chongqing, which has significantly improved vaccine coverage and efficiency in the region [1][2][3][4] Group 1: Digital Immunization System - Chongqing has established a digital immunization planning information system that sends reminders for vaccinations, leading to a vaccination rate of over 98% for children in the last three years [1] - The system allows for electronic signing of informed consent and dual verification of vaccination information, enhancing service efficiency [1][2] Group 2: Accessibility and Community Engagement - Over 900 digital vaccination clinics have been set up in Chongqing, facilitating the entire vaccination process from appointment to observation [2] - Special vaccination events are organized on specific days to accommodate rural populations, improving access to vaccines [2] Group 3: Targeted Vaccination Initiatives - Extended service hours and holiday vaccination options have been introduced to cater to working individuals and students [3] - A government initiative has provided subsidies for HPV vaccinations, benefiting over 300,000 girls since 2022 [3] Group 4: Public Health Outcomes - The vaccination efforts have led to significant disease control, with no cases of polio for over 30 years and a sustained low incidence of other diseases like diphtheria and measles [4] - Future plans include optimizing vaccination unit layouts and developing electronic vaccination certificates to further enhance public health initiatives [4]

Core Viewpoint - The digital immunization planning information system in Chongqing has significantly improved vaccine coverage and efficiency, maintaining a vaccination rate of over 98% for children in the past three years [1][4]. Group 1: Digital Transformation in Vaccination - Chongqing has established over 900 digital vaccination clinics, enabling information management throughout the entire vaccination process, which enhances efficiency [2]. - The system provides smart reminders for vaccinations, electronic consent forms, and dual verification of vaccination information, streamlining the vaccination process [1]. Group 2: Community Engagement and Accessibility - Special vaccination sessions are organized on specific days to facilitate access for rural populations, ensuring higher vaccination rates [2]. - Extended service hours and holiday vaccination options have been introduced to accommodate working individuals and students [3]. Group 3: Targeted Vaccination Initiatives - The government has implemented a subsidy program for HPV vaccinations, benefiting over 300,000 girls since 2022 [3]. - A three-tier referral mechanism has been established to address vaccination challenges for children with special health conditions, ensuring their rights to vaccination are protected [3]. Group 4: Public Health Outcomes - The vaccination efforts have led to significant disease control, with no cases of polio for over 30 years and a sustained low incidence of other diseases like diphtheria and measles [4]. - Future plans include optimizing vaccination unit layouts and developing electronic vaccination certificates to further enhance public health initiatives [4].

Core Viewpoint - The article discusses the rise of autumn diarrhea, particularly in children, due to rotavirus infections, emphasizing prevention and management strategies [1][2]. Group 1: Definition and Impact - Autumn diarrhea is characterized by symptoms such as fever, vomiting, and diarrhea, primarily caused by rotavirus, with a peak incidence from October to December [2]. - Severe cases can lead to dehydration, which poses significant health risks, including multi-organ damage and potential life-threatening conditions [3]. Group 2: Management Strategies - There is no specific medication for autumn diarrhea; symptomatic treatments like antipyretics, anti-diarrheal medications, and probiotics may be used under medical guidance [3]. - Maintaining a light diet during illness is recommended to aid recovery [3]. Group 3: Prevention Measures - Vaccination against rotavirus is advised as a preventive measure [4]. - Personal hygiene practices, such as handwashing before meals and after using the restroom, are crucial [4]. - Ensuring food and water safety by avoiding unclean or improperly stored items is essential [4]. - Regular exercise and adequate sleep can enhance immunity and reduce disease occurrence [4]. - Avoiding crowded places and contact with individuals showing diarrhea symptoms can help prevent transmission [5].

Core Viewpoint - The HPV vaccine is likely to be included in China's national immunization program by the end of the year, marking the first addition since 2008 and a significant policy shift after 17 years of stagnation [1][5][20]. Group 1: Current Status of HPV Vaccine - The technical assessment for including the HPV vaccine in the national immunization program has been completed, and it is currently in the inter-departmental negotiation and policy preparation stage [1][6]. - Since 2016, various types of HPV vaccines have been approved and used in China, with 16 provinces starting free or subsidized vaccination programs for girls aged 9 to 14 as of 2023, achieving over 90% coverage in some cities [2][3]. - Despite its availability, the HPV vaccine remains outside the national immunization program, leading to significant regional disparities in coverage, which is heavily reliant on local funding and public awareness [2][3]. Group 2: Historical Context and Challenges - Since the inclusion of the second dose of hepatitis A and B vaccines in 2008, no new vaccines have been added to China's national immunization program, despite many vaccines being recommended internationally [3][8]. - The lack of a systematic evaluation and transformation mechanism has contributed to this stagnation, with the National Immunization Technical Advisory Group (NIAC) established in 2017 still in its early stages and not fully operational [9][10]. Group 3: Recent Developments and Future Directions - Recent signals from the national level indicate a gradual expansion of the immunization program, with the NIAC emphasizing the need to narrow the gap between domestic and international immunization standards [5][21]. - The HPV vaccine is seen as a strong candidate for early inclusion due to its high disease burden and existing pilot programs [5][13]. - The establishment of a predictable mechanism for new vaccine inclusion is crucial, with recommendations for regular review processes, resource allocation, and inter-departmental coordination [15][16][19]. Group 4: Implications of Inclusion - The potential inclusion of the HPV vaccine could signify a broader restart of the immunization planning mechanism in China, addressing long-standing gaps in vaccine policy [7][20]. - The current discussions around the operational mechanisms, inter-departmental collaboration, and financial support are critical for the successful implementation of new vaccines into the national program [21][22].

Core Viewpoint - The vaccine industry is expected to see a recovery in sales growth trends for key vaccine varieties in 2025, driven by a low base effect, which will improve company performance [1] Industry Summary - In Q1 2025, the overall number of vaccine batch approvals was 697, representing a year-on-year decline of 14% [1] - Significant year-on-year growth was observed in flu vaccines, DTP vaccines, and hepatitis vaccines, while polio vaccines, shingles vaccines, rotavirus vaccines, and HPV vaccines experienced notable declines [1] - The development of therapeutic vaccines for cancer is emerging as a hot area for vaccine indication expansion, with domestic research still in its early stages [1] - The competitive landscape for traditional key vaccine pipelines is intensifying, with many domestic companies entering the market [1] Company Summary - It is anticipated that key vaccine varieties will recover in sales growth in 2025, which will positively impact company performance [1] - Continuous advancement in innovative vaccine pipelines is expected to provide companies with greater market opportunities and potential for international expansion in the future [1]

Group 1 - Vaccines are essential for protecting health throughout life, serving as a "health shield" in childhood and a "health guardian" in adulthood [1] - Vaccination in childhood establishes a strong immune foundation, helping to prevent infectious diseases [2] - Parents are advised to follow the national immunization schedule and consider additional vaccines to fill protection gaps [3] Group 2 - Adolescents and adults often overlook the need for vaccinations, making them a vulnerable group due to incomplete vaccination or waning immunity [5] - It is recommended to check for any missed vaccinations and consult healthcare providers for necessary immunizations [6][7] - Specific vaccines such as HPV for adolescents and shingles for those over 50 are advised [8][9] Group 3 - The elderly experience a decline in immune function, making vaccination crucial to reduce the risk of severe illness [12] - Annual flu vaccinations and pneumococcal vaccines are particularly important for older adults, especially those with chronic conditions [13] - Vaccination is a lifelong health commitment, emphasizing timely and need-based immunization to avoid gaps in protection [14]

无独有偶，国家卫健委副主任、国家疾控局局长沈洪兵在近期举办的2025年疫苗与健康大会上也透 露，国家疾控局准备做一个到2030年的五年规划，逐步缩小国内免疫规划与国际差距，逐步纳入需 要纳入的疫苗。 根据沈洪兵对未来动态调整国家免疫规划的设想：一是新增疫苗的种类。国际普遍共识的、疾病负担 重、成本效益高、疫苗产能满足需求、财政可负担的，要尽快纳入。二是优化现有疫苗免疫程序。根 据流行特点、防控目标变化、疫苗特性等进行优化。三是探索疫苗退出程序。不属于全人群普遍接种 的疫苗，现有疫苗不适应疾病防控需要等情况，也要考虑疫苗退出，或改为储备疫苗。 2025.04. 24 本文字数：2701，阅读时长大约4分钟 作者 | 第一财经 吴斯旻 我国国家免疫规划已有17年没有纳入新疫苗。时值"世界免疫周"，国家疾控局近日频频发声，释放 出国家免疫规划策略将"动态调整""提质扩容"的信号。多名受访业界人士认为，国家免疫规划疫苗扩 容优化已至关键节点。 国家疾控局卫生免疫司副司长李筱翠近日在国家疾控局召开的一场新闻发布会上介绍说，当前，传染 病仍然是全球面临的公共卫生风险，需要我们不断加强疫苗接种的普及和推广。为此，在当前和今 ...