秋季腹泻多为轮状病毒引起，属于自限性疾病，没有特效药，可遵医嘱使用一些对症药物，如退 热、止泻、益生菌等。生病期间，要清淡饮食。 秋季腹泻对患儿危害最大的是脱水，严重脱水可造成多器官损伤，甚至危及生命，一旦患儿出现频 繁呕吐、腹泻，一定要及时补充水分并就医。 预防胜于治疗 人民网北京9月24日电 （记者乔业琼）据云南疾控微信公众号消息，入秋后，气温渐渐转凉，许多 大病小病卷土重来，其中自然少不了"秋季腹泻"这位不速之客。别看它名字通俗易懂，发起威来会让孩 子又烧又吐又泻，不过别担心，这份防护攻略请查收。 什么是秋季腹泻？ 秋季腹泻，是指秋季高发的儿童腹泻，通常是由轮状病毒感染引起的，以发热、呕吐、腹泻为主要 表现，严重者会出现脱水症状。每年9月份开始上升，秋冬季高发，10-12月为流行高峰期。 得了秋季腹泻怎么办？ 一是接种疫苗。可以提前选择接种轮状病毒疫苗，能起到一定的防护作用。 二是注意个人卫生。保持手卫生：做到饭前便后要洗手，保持良好的卫生习惯；注意饮水和食品卫 生：不喝生水，不吃不洁净、隔夜未加热的食物；对于小宝宝，要注意餐具、奶具、玩具的清洁、消 毒。 三是勤锻炼，合理睡眠，增强免疫力。要保持适量运 ...

Core Viewpoint - The HPV vaccine is likely to be included in China's national immunization program by the end of the year, marking the first addition since 2008 and a significant policy shift after 17 years of stagnation [1][5][20]. Group 1: Current Status of HPV Vaccine - The technical assessment for including the HPV vaccine in the national immunization program has been completed, and it is currently in the inter-departmental negotiation and policy preparation stage [1][6]. - Since 2016, various types of HPV vaccines have been approved and used in China, with 16 provinces starting free or subsidized vaccination programs for girls aged 9 to 14 as of 2023, achieving over 90% coverage in some cities [2][3]. - Despite its availability, the HPV vaccine remains outside the national immunization program, leading to significant regional disparities in coverage, which is heavily reliant on local funding and public awareness [2][3]. Group 2: Historical Context and Challenges - Since the inclusion of the second dose of hepatitis A and B vaccines in 2008, no new vaccines have been added to China's national immunization program, despite many vaccines being recommended internationally [3][8]. - The lack of a systematic evaluation and transformation mechanism has contributed to this stagnation, with the National Immunization Technical Advisory Group (NIAC) established in 2017 still in its early stages and not fully operational [9][10]. Group 3: Recent Developments and Future Directions - Recent signals from the national level indicate a gradual expansion of the immunization program, with the NIAC emphasizing the need to narrow the gap between domestic and international immunization standards [5][21]. - The HPV vaccine is seen as a strong candidate for early inclusion due to its high disease burden and existing pilot programs [5][13]. - The establishment of a predictable mechanism for new vaccine inclusion is crucial, with recommendations for regular review processes, resource allocation, and inter-departmental coordination [15][16][19]. Group 4: Implications of Inclusion - The potential inclusion of the HPV vaccine could signify a broader restart of the immunization planning mechanism in China, addressing long-standing gaps in vaccine policy [7][20]. - The current discussions around the operational mechanisms, inter-departmental collaboration, and financial support are critical for the successful implementation of new vaccines into the national program [21][22].

Core Viewpoint - The vaccine industry is expected to see a recovery in sales growth trends for key vaccine varieties in 2025, driven by a low base effect, which will improve company performance [1] Industry Summary - In Q1 2025, the overall number of vaccine batch approvals was 697, representing a year-on-year decline of 14% [1] - Significant year-on-year growth was observed in flu vaccines, DTP vaccines, and hepatitis vaccines, while polio vaccines, shingles vaccines, rotavirus vaccines, and HPV vaccines experienced notable declines [1] - The development of therapeutic vaccines for cancer is emerging as a hot area for vaccine indication expansion, with domestic research still in its early stages [1] - The competitive landscape for traditional key vaccine pipelines is intensifying, with many domestic companies entering the market [1] Company Summary - It is anticipated that key vaccine varieties will recover in sales growth in 2025, which will positively impact company performance [1] - Continuous advancement in innovative vaccine pipelines is expected to provide companies with greater market opportunities and potential for international expansion in the future [1]

Group 1 - Vaccines are essential for protecting health throughout life, serving as a "health shield" in childhood and a "health guardian" in adulthood [1] - Vaccination in childhood establishes a strong immune foundation, helping to prevent infectious diseases [2] - Parents are advised to follow the national immunization schedule and consider additional vaccines to fill protection gaps [3] Group 2 - Adolescents and adults often overlook the need for vaccinations, making them a vulnerable group due to incomplete vaccination or waning immunity [5] - It is recommended to check for any missed vaccinations and consult healthcare providers for necessary immunizations [6][7] - Specific vaccines such as HPV for adolescents and shingles for those over 50 are advised [8][9] Group 3 - The elderly experience a decline in immune function, making vaccination crucial to reduce the risk of severe illness [12] - Annual flu vaccinations and pneumococcal vaccines are particularly important for older adults, especially those with chronic conditions [13] - Vaccination is a lifelong health commitment, emphasizing timely and need-based immunization to avoid gaps in protection [14]

无独有偶，国家卫健委副主任、国家疾控局局长沈洪兵在近期举办的2025年疫苗与健康大会上也透 露，国家疾控局准备做一个到2030年的五年规划，逐步缩小国内免疫规划与国际差距，逐步纳入需 要纳入的疫苗。 根据沈洪兵对未来动态调整国家免疫规划的设想：一是新增疫苗的种类。国际普遍共识的、疾病负担 重、成本效益高、疫苗产能满足需求、财政可负担的，要尽快纳入。二是优化现有疫苗免疫程序。根 据流行特点、防控目标变化、疫苗特性等进行优化。三是探索疫苗退出程序。不属于全人群普遍接种 的疫苗，现有疫苗不适应疾病防控需要等情况，也要考虑疫苗退出，或改为储备疫苗。 2025.04. 24 本文字数：2701，阅读时长大约4分钟 作者 | 第一财经 吴斯旻 我国国家免疫规划已有17年没有纳入新疫苗。时值"世界免疫周"，国家疾控局近日频频发声，释放 出国家免疫规划策略将"动态调整""提质扩容"的信号。多名受访业界人士认为，国家免疫规划疫苗扩 容优化已至关键节点。 国家疾控局卫生免疫司副司长李筱翠近日在国家疾控局召开的一场新闻发布会上介绍说，当前，传染 病仍然是全球面临的公共卫生风险，需要我们不断加强疫苗接种的普及和推广。为此，在当前和今 ...