肠道传染病 诺如病毒感染是一种常见的肠道传染病，属于丙类传染病中的其他感染性腹泻病。每年10月到次年3月 是诺如病毒感染高发季节。诺如病毒感染潜伏期为12～72小时，通常为24～48小时。常见症状主要为恶 心、呕吐、发热、腹痛和腹泻，部分患者有头痛、畏寒和肌肉酸痛等。儿童以呕吐为主，成人则以腹泻 居多，粪便为稀水便或水样便。 春节假期，在享受团圆的同时，别忘了做自己健康的第一责任人。国家疾控局温馨提示，别忘预防这些 传染病： 呼吸道传染病 防范呼吸道传染病疫情，建议公众采取以下个人防护措施： 一是积极接种流感疫苗。 接种疫苗是预防传染病最有效、最经济的手段，建议6月龄及以上且无接种禁 忌的人群均应接种流感疫苗，尤其是高风险人群如医务人员、60岁以上老年人、学龄前儿童和中小学 生、慢性病患者等。 二是科学佩戴口罩。 在人员密集场所或乘坐公共交通工具时建议佩戴口罩，尤其是老年人和一些有慢性 基础疾病的患者，以降低感染风险。 三是保持良好卫生习惯。 注意手卫生，勤洗手，接触公共物品后不用手触碰眼、口、鼻，遵守呼吸卫生 礼仪。 四是倡导健康生活方式。 要均衡饮食、适量运动和充足休息，增强身体免疫力。出现发热、咳嗽等呼 ...

Group 1 - The core viewpoint of the article emphasizes the need for enhanced prevention and control measures for infectious diseases during the 2026 Spring Festival holiday and the spring season, particularly due to increased cross-border and regional movement of people [1][2] - The National Health Commission and other agencies have issued a notification to strengthen the monitoring and response to various infectious diseases, including COVID-19, Nipah virus, and dengue fever, highlighting the importance of epidemiological investigations and contact tracing [1][2] - The overall epidemic situation in the country is reported to be stable and controllable, with COVID-19 at a low prevalence level and a downward trend in acute respiratory infectious diseases, although risks remain during the high incidence season [2] Group 2 - The notification calls for local health departments to enhance vaccination efforts, particularly for high-risk groups such as children, the elderly, and patients with chronic diseases, and to optimize vaccination services [3] - It is essential for local health authorities to prepare and adjust medical resources dynamically based on the local epidemic situation, ensuring adequate supply of diagnostic tests, treatment medications, and facilities to meet public health needs during the holiday period [3]

中疾控有关专家表示，预防的关键在于切断传播途径，牢记"勤洗手、吃熟食、讲卫生"。个人与家庭防 护："四要""四不要"： 日前，广东佛山一中学有学生出现身体不适，经疾控部门采样调查，初步认定是感染诺如病毒引起。截 至1月17日8时，该校诺如病毒感染病例共103人，均病情稳定，无危重、死亡病例。 中国疾控中心近日发出提醒，每年10月到次年3月是诺如病毒感染高发季节，学校和托幼机构等人群聚 集场所是发生感染的高发场所。春节假期临近，走亲访友、聚餐聚会等活动增多，了解并落实科学的防 护措施，是保护自己和家人健康的关键。 中疾控专家表示，诺如病毒感染属于自限性疾病，绝大多数人症状轻微，1-3天即可自行恢复。它的特 点是传染性强、传播途径多，但可防、可控、可治。 诺如病毒是引起急性胃肠炎最常见的病原体之一，全球范围内都很常见。所有人均可感染。常见症状为 呕吐和腹泻，可能伴有恶心、腹痛、低热等。儿童以呕吐为主，成人以腹泻为主。 诺如病毒潜伏期通常为12~48小时，发病急，但病程短，一般持续1~3天。但诺如病毒感染少量病毒就 可能发病，主要通过"病从口入"，吃了或喝了被污染的东西、接触患者的呕吐物或排泄物、接触被污染 的物品 ...

冬春季节是诺如病毒感染的高发季节，学校、托幼机构、养老院等人员密集场所发生聚集性疫情的风险增加。春节假期临近，走亲访友、聚餐聚会等活动 增多，了解并落实科学防护措施，是保护自己和家人健康的关键。 诺如病毒感染属于自限性疾病，绝大多数人症状轻微，1~3天即可自行恢复。它的特点是传染性强、传播途径多，但可防、可控、可治。 认识诺如病毒 了解它，就不怕它 诺如病毒是引起急性胃肠炎最常见的病原体之一，全球范围内都很常见。 普遍易感，症状典型：所有人均可感染。常见症状为呕吐和腹泻，可能伴有恶心、腹痛、低热等。儿童以呕吐为主，成人以腹泻为主。 来得快，去得也快：潜伏期通常为12~48小时，发病急，但病程短，一般持续1~3天。 传染性强，传播途径明确：感染少量病毒就可能发病。主要通过"病从口入"，吃了或喝了被污染的东西、接触患者的呕吐物或排泄物、接触被污染的物品 或环境，以及摄入病人呕吐形成的气溶胶等方式传播。 核心防护措施： 做好这几点，风险下降 预防的关键在于切断传播途径，牢记"勤洗手、吃熟食、讲卫生"。 个人与家庭防护："四要""四不要" 2.要注意饮食安全：喝开水，吃彻底煮熟的食物（特别是贝类等海产品）。生吃瓜果要 ...

【#佛山通报中学103人感染诺如病毒#】#中学103人感染诺如病毒均为轻症# 近日，佛山市华大星晖高 级中学出现学生感染诺如病毒事件，截至17日10时，该校符合诺如病毒感染定义病例共103人，均为轻 症，病情稳定。卫健、疾控、教育等部门迅速启动应急响应，指导学校迅速切断病毒源头和传播途径， 全面进行了校园消杀工作，并开展春季流行疾病预防教育，疫情得到有效遏制。诺如病毒急性胃肠炎是 自限性疾病，多数症状比较轻。近期诺如病毒引起的急性感染性腹泻已进入高峰期，请师生和家长做好 个人卫生，保持合理作息和适量运动，增强个人抵抗力。（三水教育；视频：陕西华商报） 转自：京报网_北京日报官方网站 ...

【#广东一高中103人感染诺如病毒#】#广东报告1起学校诺如病毒疫情# 据新华社消息，记者1月17日从 广东省佛山市三水区卫健部门获悉，佛山市华大星晖高级中学日前有学生出现身体不适，经疾控部门采 样调查，初步认定是感染诺如病毒引起。截至17日8时，该校诺如病毒感染病例共103人，均病情稳定， 无危重、死亡病例。诺如病毒是导致急性胃肠炎的常见病原体，感染后常表现为呕吐和腹泻。广东省疾 控中心信息显示，广东省每年10月至次年3月为诺如病毒感染流行季，学校、托幼机构等是疫情发生和 传播的高风险场所。当地卫健、疾控部门迅速启动应急响应，第一时间到现场处理，开展流调，加强消 毒专业指导和行政协调；同时，指导学校加强宣传教育，利用多种形式普及防病知识，倡导健康生活方 式。学校已启动应急预案，开展校园消杀，严格落实晨午检、因病缺勤登记追踪等制度。（新华社） ...

诺如病毒是导致急性胃肠炎的常见病原体，感染后常表现为呕吐和腹泻。广东省疾控中心信息显示，广 东省每年10月至次年3月为诺如病毒感染流行季，学校、托幼机构等是疫情发生和传播的高风险场所。 当地卫健、疾控部门迅速启动应急响应，第一时间到现场处理，开展流调，加强消毒专业指导和行政协 调；同时，指导学校加强宣传教育，利用多种形式普及防病知识，倡导健康生活方式。学校已启动应急 预案，开展校园消杀，严格落实晨午检、因病缺勤登记追踪等制度。 记者17日从广东省佛山市三水区卫健部门获悉，佛山市华大星晖高级中学日前有学生出现身体不适，经 疾控部门采样调查，初步认定是感染诺如病毒引起。截至17日8时，该校诺如病毒感染病例共103人，均 病情稳定，无危重、死亡病例。 （文章来源：新华社） ...

转自：北京日报客户端 注意啦 最新、最全、最实用的 呕吐物处置攻略 新鲜出炉~ 诺如病毒具有很强的传染性和快速的传播能力，全人群普遍易感，且感染后免疫保护时间短，是引起急 性胃肠炎的最主要病原体，常在集体单位等人员密集的场所引起传播。 呕吐物作为诺如病毒传播的重要载体，可携带大量诺如病毒颗粒，呕吐过程形成的气溶胶可在相对密闭 空间留存数小时，呕吐物处理不当会显著增加疫情扩散的风险。 所以说，科学处理呕吐物可不是小事，尤其对于学校、托幼机构和养老院等集体单位，掌握正确的呕吐 物处置方法至关重要。 在开展具体清理工作前，必须完成以下4项准备工作，为安全处置奠定基础： 1 疏散人群： 将周围无关人员疏散到安全空旷的清洁区域。 2 通知处置人员： 开窗通风： 在清理呕吐物前开窗通风，建议通透房间门窗同开以提升换气效率；若门外连通走廊或其他房间，则建 议开窗不开门。 准备工作就绪，就进入核心的消毒处置环节啦！ 这里要划重点：必须分步骤、分浓度操作，还要保证足够的作用时间，可不能图省事跳过步骤～ 核心流程是"覆盖消毒——周围环境消毒——清洁擦拭"，有重复使用的工具也得单独消毒。 有些步骤给大家准备了可选项，选最适合自己的 ...

Core Insights - Norovirus is a highly infectious gastrointestinal pathogen that causes acute gastroenteritis in both adults and children, with a peak infection season from October to March [1][2] Group 1: Characteristics of Norovirus - Norovirus has a short incubation period of 12-72 hours, typically 24-48 hours, and is characterized by high infectivity and low infectious dose [2] - The virus can survive for weeks in low temperatures and is resistant to common alcohol disinfectants, making it difficult to control [2] - There are multiple genotypes of norovirus that can mutate, leading to the possibility of reinfection even after previous exposure [2] Group 2: Transmission Routes - The primary transmission route is fecal-oral, where individuals come into contact with contaminated objects, food, or water [3] - Contact transmission occurs through direct interaction with infected individuals or contaminated surfaces [3] - Aerosol transmission is significant in crowded settings, where virus-laden droplets can be inhaled [3] Group 3: Clinical Features - Common symptoms include diarrhea, vomiting, nausea, and abdominal pain, with children primarily experiencing vomiting and adults more likely to have diarrhea [5] - Most patients recover within 1-3 days, but severe dehydration can occur, particularly in vulnerable populations such as young children and the elderly [5] Group 4: Treatment Principles - Norovirus infections are self-limiting, with no effective antiviral treatment available; most patients recover with rest and hydration [6] - Oral rehydration solutions are recommended for those experiencing significant fluid loss [6] Group 5: Prevention Measures - Emphasis on hand hygiene, particularly after using the restroom and before food preparation [7] - Fruits and vegetables should be thoroughly washed, and shellfish should be cooked properly [8] - Infected individuals should isolate at home for at least 72 hours after symptoms resolve to minimize transmission risk [8] - Regular cleaning and disinfection of frequently touched surfaces and proper handling of waste from infected individuals are crucial [8] - Maintaining a healthy lifestyle can enhance resistance to infections [9]

Core Insights - A nationwide cold wave is affecting most regions of China, leading to an increase in acute infectious diarrhea caused by pathogens like norovirus and rotavirus, particularly among vulnerable populations [1][2][3] Group 1: Norovirus - Norovirus, also known as winter vomiting disease, has a peak season from October to March, with a low infectious dose and a rapid onset of symptoms, typically within 24 to 48 hours [1][2] - Symptoms of norovirus infection include gastrointestinal issues such as nausea, vomiting, fever, abdominal pain, and diarrhea, with children experiencing more vomiting and adults primarily suffering from diarrhea [2][3] - There is no specific antiviral treatment for norovirus; management focuses on symptomatic support, including hydration and electrolyte correction, especially for high-risk groups like children and the elderly [3][6] Group 2: Rotavirus - Rotavirus infections are particularly risky for children under two years old, with symptoms including watery diarrhea, fever, and vomiting [5][9] - Both norovirus and rotavirus are primarily transmitted through the fecal-oral route, with potential contamination from infected food, water, or surfaces [5][9] - Vaccination against rotavirus is an effective preventive measure for children, recommended by the World Health Organization to start at six weeks of age to build immunity before the peak infection season [7][9] Group 3: Prevention and Management - Emphasis on hygiene practices, such as ensuring food cleanliness and regular disinfection of potentially contaminated items, is crucial for preventing rotavirus infections [9][11] - Parents are advised to monitor their children for symptoms like vomiting and diarrhea, ensuring adequate hydration and seeking medical attention if symptoms worsen [9][11] - Schools and childcare facilities are highlighted as critical areas for prevention, with recommendations for strict food hygiene and health monitoring of staff to prevent outbreaks [9][11]