人民网北京12月15日电 （记者乔业琼）据无锡疾控微信公众号消息，诺如病毒感染是一种常见的 肠道传染病。该病毒感染性很强，较低剂量就可引起感染。每年10月到次年3月是诺如病毒感染高发季 节，学校和托幼机构等人群聚集场所是诺如病毒感染疫情高发场所。 诺如病毒是引起成人和儿童急性胃肠炎的重要病原体，感染潜伏期为12-72小时，通常为24-48小 时。具有高传染性、低剂量致病的特点。 这种病毒的 "生命力" 也十分顽强：在低温环境下可存活数周，普通酒精消毒对它无效，甚至在粪 便中也能存活数天至数周。更麻烦的是，诺如病毒有多种基因型，且容易发生变异，即使之前感染过， 也可能再次中招。 传播途径多样 诺如病毒的传播途径有以下几种，日常防护时需要重点关注： 粪——口传播：这是最主要的传播方式。接触了被患者粪便或呕吐物污染的物品、食物或水，再经 手入口。 接触传播：直接接触患者或其排泄物、呕吐物，或接触被污染的物体表面（如门把手、玩具、水龙 头等）。 气溶胶传播：这是诺如病毒在集体场所暴发的关键原因。患者呕吐或腹泻时，产生的带病毒飞沫可 悬浮在空气中，被他人吸入后引起感染。 食源性传播：食用或饮用被病毒污染的食物（如贝类、 ...

Core Insights - A nationwide cold wave is affecting most regions of China, leading to an increase in acute infectious diarrhea caused by pathogens like norovirus and rotavirus, particularly among vulnerable populations [1][2][3] Group 1: Norovirus - Norovirus, also known as winter vomiting disease, has a peak season from October to March, with a low infectious dose and a rapid onset of symptoms, typically within 24 to 48 hours [1][2] - Symptoms of norovirus infection include gastrointestinal issues such as nausea, vomiting, fever, abdominal pain, and diarrhea, with children experiencing more vomiting and adults primarily suffering from diarrhea [2][3] - There is no specific antiviral treatment for norovirus; management focuses on symptomatic support, including hydration and electrolyte correction, especially for high-risk groups like children and the elderly [3][6] Group 2: Rotavirus - Rotavirus infections are particularly risky for children under two years old, with symptoms including watery diarrhea, fever, and vomiting [5][9] - Both norovirus and rotavirus are primarily transmitted through the fecal-oral route, with potential contamination from infected food, water, or surfaces [5][9] - Vaccination against rotavirus is an effective preventive measure for children, recommended by the World Health Organization to start at six weeks of age to build immunity before the peak infection season [7][9] Group 3: Prevention and Management - Emphasis on hygiene practices, such as ensuring food cleanliness and regular disinfection of potentially contaminated items, is crucial for preventing rotavirus infections [9][11] - Parents are advised to monitor their children for symptoms like vomiting and diarrhea, ensuring adequate hydration and seeking medical attention if symptoms worsen [9][11] - Schools and childcare facilities are highlighted as critical areas for prevention, with recommendations for strict food hygiene and health monitoring of staff to prevent outbreaks [9][11]

Core Points - A public health incident occurred at Shenyang Normal University, with 2,087 students reporting gastrointestinal symptoms, primarily due to norovirus contamination from a self-supplied water well [1] - The outbreak has peaked, with a significant decline in new cases, reporting only 25 new cases from September 6 to September 7 [1] - Health authorities have implemented a level III public health emergency response, conducting disinfection and epidemiological investigations to identify the source of infection [1] Group 1 - The total number of students with gastrointestinal symptoms reported is 2,087, with 1,817 having recovered and 270 currently experiencing mild symptoms [1] - The outbreak was traced back to contamination in the university's third living area water supply, leading to the closure and control of the affected well [1] - The university is coordinating with water supply departments to ensure safe drinking water for students and is initiating municipal water supply connection projects [1] Group 2 - Norovirus is a common pathogen causing acute gastroenteritis, characterized by low infectious dose and strong environmental resistance, making it prone to outbreaks in closed environments like schools [2] - Symptoms of norovirus infection include nausea, vomiting, fever, abdominal pain, and diarrhea, with children primarily experiencing vomiting and adults more likely to have diarrhea [2] - Preventive measures include maintaining hand hygiene, ensuring food and water safety, isolating infected individuals, cleaning and disinfecting environments, and promoting healthy lifestyle practices [2]

来源： 央视新闻、 国家疾控局网站 央视新闻消息，9月7日，辽宁省沈阳市疾病预防控制局发布通报： 8月31日，沈阳师范大学校医院陆续接诊了一批出现呕吐、腹泻等症状的学生，辽宁省、沈阳市相关部 门及学校随即开辟医疗救治绿色通道，组建医疗队进驻学校开展巡诊服务，对患者进行分类救治。 截至9月7日17时，累计报告有胃肠炎症状者2087人，已痊愈1817人，现有胃肠炎症状者270人，均为轻 症。 诺如病毒感染潜伏期为12~72小时，通常为24~48小时。常见症状主要为恶心、呕吐、发热、腹痛和腹 泻，部分患者有头痛、畏寒和肌肉酸痛等。儿童以呕吐为主，成人则以腹泻居多，粪便为稀水便或水样 便。 如何做好预防？健康提示明确需做好以下五点，包括保持手卫生，饭前、便后、加工食物前应按照六步 洗手法正确洗手；注意饮食饮水卫生，不饮用生水，烹饪食物要煮熟；病例应尽量居家隔离，避免传染 他人；做好环境清洁和消毒工作；保持规律作息、合理膳食、适量运动等健康生活方式，增强身体对病 毒的抵抗能力。 les & FR 点击下载中国基金报客户端 ■ 中国基金报内容矩阵 ■ 巅峰对话 投资热点说 ETF风向标 IPO情报站 fe o 1 ■ a ...