Core Viewpoint - The U.S. International Trade Court ruled that the tariffs imposed by the U.S. government on over 180 countries under the "Liberation Day" initiative and those on China, Canada, and Mexico related to fentanyl issues are illegal, as the President does not have the authority to impose such tariffs unilaterally [1][4][6]. Group 1: Court Ruling Details - The court found that the U.S. Constitution grants Congress the power to impose tariffs, and the International Emergency Economic Powers Act (IEEPA) does not give the President unlimited authority to impose tariffs on multiple countries [2][6]. - The judges unanimously agreed that the President's claim of having unlimited tariff authority violates constitutional principles [7]. - The court issued a permanent injunction against the tariffs imposed in April and February, including additional tariffs on China following retaliatory measures [7][8]. Group 2: Implications and Reactions - The ruling is seen as a significant victory for those opposing arbitrary tariff imposition by the U.S. government [8]. - The decision does not affect tariffs imposed under Section 232 of the Trade Expansion Act of 1962, such as those on foreign-produced automobiles and steel and aluminum [8]. - Following the ruling, the White House has quickly appealed, indicating that the Supreme Court may review the case [8].

2025.05. 14 本文字数：1176，阅读时长大约2分钟 作者 | 第一财经 孙卓 当地时间5月13日，位于美国纽约曼哈顿的美国国际贸易法院开始审理五家美国小型企业试图阻止美 国政府加征关税的诉讼案。 这5家小型商业企业为进口并分销小批量葡萄酒、烈酒和清酒的VOS Selections公司；使用进口塑料 和钢材制造设备的塑料服务和产品公司（Plastic Services and Products）；使用进口零部件生产教育 电子套件和乐器的MicroKits公司；销售进口渔具及相关装备的渔业美国公司（FishUSA）以及销售 进口女士骑行服的Terry Precision Cycling公司。 三名法官当天听取了针对特朗普关税的辩论，以决定是否暂停特朗普政府近月来开征的这些关税。 "总统无权随心所欲征收关税" 由非营利性公益诉讼公司自由司法中心代表的几家企业辩称，美国总统特朗普无权在任何时间、对任 何国家、征收任何数额的无限制、不可审查的关税。 "总统征收了所谓的关税，代表着行政权力前所未有的非法扩张。"代表这些企业的律师施瓦布 （Jeffrey Schwab）表示，"这并非国会的本意。" 代表特朗普政 ...

Core Viewpoint - The ongoing legal debate centers around the authority of President Trump to impose tariffs without congressional approval, with small businesses challenging the legality of these tariffs in court [1][2][3]. Group 1: Legal Proceedings - The U.S. International Trade Court in Manhattan is hearing a case from five small businesses seeking to block recent tariffs imposed by the Trump administration [1]. - The businesses involved include VOS Selections, Plastic Services and Products, MicroKits, FishUSA, and Terry Precision Cycling, all of which import various goods [1]. Group 2: Arguments Presented - The businesses argue that President Trump lacks the authority to impose unlimited tariffs at will, claiming this represents an unprecedented illegal expansion of executive power [2][3]. - The Department of Justice, representing the Trump administration, contends that the President's tariff authority has been upheld by the Supreme Court in past cases [2][4]. Group 3: Judicial Perspectives - Judge Restani expressed skepticism about the government's justification for the tariffs, questioning the rationale behind declaring a national emergency for long-standing trade issues [5][6]. - The debate highlights the tension between executive power and congressional authority in regulating trade, with differing interpretations of what constitutes "regulation" [4][5].