Group 1 - A professor at the University of Pennsylvania, Dr. Emmanuel, has implemented a policy requiring students to use only paper and pen in class, banning phones and computers, which has led to improved student evaluations of his course [1][3][5] - Students initially expressed skepticism about the policy but later recognized its benefits, reporting better information retention and enjoyment of the class [4][6] - Research indicates that students who take handwritten notes retain more information compared to those who use laptops, as handwriting requires more cognitive processing [7][10][11] Group 2 - Data shows that the mere presence of smartphones can distract students and negatively impact their attention and memory, with studies confirming that even turned-off phones can be a distraction [10][11] - As a response to the growing concern over smartphone distractions, several states in the U.S. have enacted laws limiting phone use in K-12 schools, with 11 states having implemented such bans as of April this year [12][22] - The trend of banning phones in classrooms has not yet become widespread in higher education, with only a few institutions adopting similar policies [14][16]