Core Viewpoint - The article introduces a valuation parameter called "Market Earnings Ratio" (市赚率), defined as the ratio of Price-to-Earnings (PE) to Return on Equity (ROE), suggesting that a Market Earnings Ratio of 1 indicates a reasonable valuation, while values above or below indicate overvaluation or undervaluation respectively [2]. Group 1: Market Earnings Ratio - The formula for Market Earnings Ratio is PR = PE / ROE / 100, where a PR of 1 indicates a fair valuation [2]. - Historical examples from Buffett's investment in Coca-Cola show that the Market Earnings Ratio can guide investment decisions, with values of 0.474 and 0.326 observed in 1988 and 1989 respectively [2]. Group 2: Investment Returns and ROE - The article discusses the relationship between ROE and investment returns, stating that over a long period, ROE can approximate investment compounding, but this is a special case [4]. - It presents three hypothetical companies (A, B, C) with the same ROE but different dividend payout ratios, illustrating how dividend policies affect investment returns [4][5]. Group 3: High ROE and Low Growth - High ROE companies may not deserve high PE valuations if their growth rates are extremely low, as demonstrated through examples of companies D, E, and F with varying ROE and dividend policies [6][7]. - The article emphasizes that a 66.67% dividend payout ratio is a critical threshold where high ROE companies may start to underperform compared to low ROE companies [7][8]. Group 4: Coca-Cola Case Study - The investment in Coca-Cola from 1988 to 1998 yielded a tenfold return, with a net profit increase from 1.04 billion to 3.53 billion, showcasing that the growth rate was close to one-third of the average ROE during that period [10]. - The article suggests that the Market Earnings Ratio's requirement for net profit growth should ideally reach one-third of ROE for reasonable valuations [10]. Group 5: Industry Comparisons - The article compares the valuations of Midea and Gree, indicating that Midea's higher growth rate justifies its higher valuation, while Gree's lower growth leads to a lower valuation [10]. - It also discusses the future outlook for high-end liquor companies like Kweichow Moutai, suggesting that their profit growth may fall below one-third of ROE, which could be a concern for long-term investors [11].