数据要素交易

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建设全国统一数据市场的多维突破路径|宏观经济
清华金融评论· 2025-07-04 10:16
Core Viewpoint - The construction of a unified national data market is essential for promoting the cross-domain collaboration and value release of data elements, addressing the bottlenecks that hinder the free flow of elements, and achieving market-oriented allocation of data [2][4]. Group 1: Importance of Public Data - Public data, generated by government agencies and public service institutions, plays a crucial role in national governance and economic growth due to its wide coverage, high authority, and strong relevance [4]. - The Chinese government has prioritized the sharing of public data, with initiatives such as the implementation of the "Government Information System Integration and Sharing Implementation Plan" in 2017 and the "Guiding Opinions on Accelerating the Construction of a National Integrated Online Government Service Platform" in 2018 [4]. Group 2: Challenges in Data Flow - Despite the gradual establishment of public data sharing systems, there are still significant issues with the flow of public data, including inadequate cross-regional sharing mechanisms and difficulties in vertical data flow from local to higher-level departments [5][6]. - The lack of technical infrastructure and the reluctance of local governments to share core data hinder the effective cross-domain flow of public data [5]. Group 3: Enhancing Data Sharing Mechanisms - To improve the public data flow mechanism, it is necessary to enhance technical capabilities, establish a benefit-sharing mechanism, and create a tiered protection system for public data [6][11]. - The establishment of a market-oriented institutional framework for data elements, including legal regulations and economic incentives, is crucial for increasing the willingness of various entities to share data [11]. Group 4: Breaking Down Barriers to Data Sharing - The construction of a unified national data market requires increasing the willingness of diverse entities to share data, as currently, barriers exist between different stakeholders, including individuals, enterprises, and government [9][10]. - The reluctance to share data stems from privacy concerns, competitive interests, and the lack of a robust supervisory mechanism for government data sharing [10]. Group 5: Addressing Technical and Standardization Issues - One of the goals of building a unified national data market is to fully release the value of data elements, which is currently hindered by issues such as the inability to effectively utilize data and the lack of standardized data collection and processing methods [13]. - The mismatch between the technical needs of enterprises and the capabilities of technology providers further restricts the demand for data elements and technological advancement [13].