Core Points - The Netherlands has officially returned 119 Benin bronzes to Nigeria, emphasizing the importance of heritage preservation and cultural promotion for national identity [1][2] - The bronzes, which were taken by British forces in 1897, include various artifacts such as human figures, animal figures, and royal insignia [1] - The return of these artifacts is part of a broader initiative by the Dutch government to address historical injustices related to colonial-era cultural property [2] Group 1 - The return ceremony took place at the National Museum in Lagos, where Nigeria's Minister of Arts, Culture, Tourism, and Creative Economy highlighted the cultural significance of the bronzes [1] - The bronzes were created by the Edo people starting in the 13th century using lost-wax casting, showcasing intricate details and geometric patterns [1] - Among the returned items, notable pieces include a bronze commemorative head from the Benin Kingdom and an ivory sculpture depicting a narrative scene [1] Group 2 - The Dutch government has established an independent advisory body, the "Colonial Era Cultural Property Return Advisory Committee," to evaluate and recommend the return of cultural properties taken during colonial rule [2] - The return agreement was signed in February 2023, with a focus on cooperation and future collaboration between the Netherlands and Nigeria [2] - Initiatives include a digital heritage expert seminar to explore the digital preservation of the Benin bronzes and the development of online exhibition platforms [2]

同年，普鲁士文化遗产基金会还宣布将向喀麦隆、纳米比亚和尼日利亚归还德国在殖民期间掠夺的文 物，包括对喀麦隆人意义非凡的恩贡索母神雕像。 2023年，德国向墨西哥归还75件文物，首批归还的40件文物中包括奥尔梅克文化石像，其历史可以追溯 到约公元前1200年至公元前600年。墨西哥文化部前部长弗劳斯托表示，德国归还这些文物是双方共同 保护墨西哥文化遗产的例证。 意大利政府和德国普鲁士文化遗产基金会不久前签署了一项文物归还协议。根据协议，德国方面同意归 还意大利可追溯至公元前4世纪的普利亚珍贵文物，包括花瓶、装饰盘和古罗马别墅的壁画碎片。最近 一批归还的文物为德国柏林旧博物馆收藏的25件文物，这些文物很可能来自非法盗掘，目前均已回到意 大利。 德国文化国务部部长克劳迪娅·罗斯表示，文物保护的含义是保护形成身份认同的文物免遭掠夺、盗 窃、走私和非法交易，此次文物归还是德国和欧洲文化财产保护工作卓有成效的又一例证。意大利文化 部秘书长马里奥·图雷塔说："与普鲁士文化遗产基金会签署协议是两国机构促进文化遗产保护合作的又 一范例。" 德国境内有大量来自其他国家尤其是发展中国家的文物。近年来，随着多国加大对流失文物的追索力 ...