Core Insights - The rapid drop in temperatures in northern regions has raised concerns among electric vehicle (EV) owners regarding battery performance and driving range in cold weather [4][5] - Low temperatures significantly affect lithium batteries, leading to increased internal resistance and reduced charging and discharging efficiency, which directly impacts the driving range of EVs [5][6] - The heating requirements in winter for EVs, which rely on electric heating elements, further exacerbate battery consumption and reduce overall driving range [6] Battery Performance Challenges - Lithium batteries are highly sensitive to temperature changes, with internal resistance increasing by approximately 15% for every 10°C drop in temperature, resulting in a substantial decrease in battery efficiency and driving range [5] - Charging times for EVs can extend from 1-2 hours in normal conditions to 4-5 hours or longer in cold weather, with risks of lithium dendrite formation that can lead to battery failure and safety hazards [5] Importance of Thermal Management Systems - Thermal management systems are crucial for maintaining optimal operating temperatures for batteries, motors, and electronic control systems, ensuring efficient performance and safety [7][8] - These systems can quickly dissipate excess heat from batteries and provide necessary heating in cold conditions, enhancing charging efficiency and extending battery life [7][8] Future Trends in Thermal Management Technology - Future advancements in thermal management technology will focus on integrating heating and energy recovery systems to create efficient energy cycles, improving overall energy utilization [9] - System integration will reduce the number of components and thermal losses, enhancing efficiency and reliability while optimizing vehicle design [9] - Intelligent thermal management systems will leverage advanced sensors and algorithms to adapt to environmental conditions and vehicle performance, improving energy distribution and vehicle stability [10]