Group 1 - The construction of the "2.5-meter large field high-resolution solar telescope" in Sichuan, China, is set to begin, with completion and trial operation expected by 2027. This telescope will be the largest axially symmetric solar telescope in the world, aimed at uncovering the mysteries of the Sun and exploring various astronomical phenomena [1] - A team from Nanjing University has developed the world's first high temporal resolution diversity curve of foraminifera, revealing the impact of climate change on biological evolution over the past 300 million years [1] Group 2 - The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences has uncovered how the beet cyst nematode hijacks the plant's ubiquitin-proteasome system to destroy plant immunity, addressing a significant agricultural challenge that costs billions annually [2] - Concerns regarding the safety of artificial intelligence were raised by Turing Award winner Andrew Yao at an international forum, emphasizing the need for clear behavioral boundaries in AI system design to prevent deception [2] Group 3 - Researchers from the University of Pennsylvania have discovered potent anti-cancer compounds from the Aspergillus flavus fungus, previously associated with health issues in ancient Egyptian tombs, indicating the potential for new drug development from previously harmful microorganisms [3]

Core Insights - The WeHoST project, a 2.5-meter large field high-resolution solar telescope, is set to enhance solar observation capabilities in China, with completion expected by the end of 2026 [1][2]. Group 1: Telescope Specifications - WeHoST will be the world's largest axially symmetric solar telescope, featuring a primary mirror diameter of 2.5 meters, which allows for both high resolution and a wide field of view, covering the entire solar activity area [2]. - The telescope's observational capabilities will be significantly improved, with a field of view expanded by three to four times compared to existing large solar telescopes [2]. Group 2: Scientific Collaboration and Objectives - WeHoST will work in conjunction with China's first solar exploration satellite, "Xihe," to enhance space weather monitoring and forecasting capabilities through a coordinated observation system [2][3]. - The telescope aims to provide comprehensive observations of solar phenomena, such as solar flares and coronal mass ejections, which can impact space weather and technological systems on Earth [3]. Group 3: Technical Challenges and Solutions - A major technical challenge for the telescope is managing the heat generated by solar radiation, which can reach up to 5000 watts on the primary mirror [5]. - To address this, the design includes over 200 air tubes to dissipate heat and maintain temperature differentials within specified limits, ensuring stable operation [5]. Group 4: Operational Flexibility - WeHoST is designed to switch between day and night operations quickly, allowing it to observe transient astronomical events, thus contributing to the emerging field of time-domain astronomy [7]. - This capability positions WeHoST to play a significant role in global astronomical networks, enhancing the understanding of rapidly changing celestial phenomena [7].