Core Viewpoint - The article highlights significant research contributions from Chinese scholars published in the prestigious journal Cell, focusing on advancements in AI-driven protein activation, nuclear stress bodies' role in inflammation regulation, and a novel bile acid's impact on glucose homeostasis [2][4][15]. Group 1: AI-Driven Protein Activation - A research team from Peking University developed a machine-learning-assisted platform called CAGE-Prox vivo for precise protein activation in living mice, enabling real-time biological studies and therapeutic interventions [4][7]. - The platform allows for the temporary blocking of target protein functions and can be triggered by small molecules, facilitating specific control over protein-protein interactions [7]. Group 2: Nuclear Stress Bodies and Inflammation - A study by the Chinese Academy of Sciences explored the assembly and function of nuclear stress bodies (nSB) under stress conditions, revealing their role in enhancing the transcription of NFIL3, which suppresses inflammatory responses [8][9]. - The research indicates that the expression of NFIL3 is positively correlated with the survival rates of sepsis patients, suggesting a potential therapeutic target for precise diagnosis and treatment of sepsis [12][13]. Group 3: Microbial Bile Acids and Glucose Homeostasis - A collaborative study identified a novel bile acid receptor, MRGPRE, activated by a microbial amino-acid-conjugated bile acid, tryptophan-cholic acid (Trp-CA), which improves glucose regulation [15][18]. - The findings reveal a new mechanism for GLP-1 secretion regulation via MRGPRE, providing insights for developing new diabetes medications without the side effects associated with traditional bile acids [18].

Core Viewpoint - The research highlights the role of nuclear stress bodies (nSB) in regulating gene expression and suppressing acute inflammatory responses, providing new insights for the diagnosis and treatment of sepsis [3][12][16]. Group 1: Mechanism of nSB Formation - Under stress conditions such as heat shock and arsenic poisoning, human cells rapidly form a membrane-less structure known as nuclear stress bodies (nSB) [7]. - The nSB is composed of a core layer of Satellite III (SatIII) RNA, a regulatory layer with transcription factors like HSF1, and an outer layer of proteins such as SAFB that maintain structural stability [7][9]. Group 2: Gene Expression Regulation - The formation of nSB leads to a significant increase in the expression of the NFIL3 gene, which can rise up to 8 times [11]. - NFIL3 plays a crucial role in inhibiting the expression of inflammatory factors such as TNF-α and IL-1β, with its knockout resulting in a 300% increase in inflammation intensity [11]. Group 3: Clinical Implications for Sepsis - A study involving 150 sepsis patients revealed that the activation of SatIII and the assembly of nSB correlate positively with patient survival rates [13][14]. - Patients with high SatIII expression showed a 65% increase in 28-day survival rates, indicating the potential of nSB as a survival marker in sepsis [14][16].