Core Insights - The Chinese Academy of Sciences has made significant progress in the spray-coating method for producing high-quality perovskite films, achieving efficiency levels comparable to spin-coating techniques while demonstrating unique advantages in complex surface manufacturing, humidity resistance, and patterning potential [1] Group 1: Technological Advancements - The new droplet confinement crystallization strategy allows for the construction of a localized high-concentration precursor system within the spray droplet, effectively reconstructing the nucleation pathway during the spray process [2] - This strategy significantly reduces the energy barrier for the transformation from precursor to crystal, enabling the production of low-defect, high-crystallinity perovskite films with a bulk defect state density as low as approximately 10^14 cm^-3 [2] Group 2: Performance Metrics - The perovskite solar cells produced using this method achieved a maximum power conversion efficiency of 25.5% (third-party certified at 25.2%), with small-scale components exceeding 22.5% efficiency, nearing the performance levels of the most advanced spin-coated devices [2] - The method remains stable in environments with relative humidity around 80%, significantly broadening the environmental applicability of the perovskite spray-coating process [2] Group 3: Application Potential - The research has overcome the limitations of traditional planar fabrication, achieving efficient perovskite device production on rigid surfaces with Gaussian curvature, with curved solar cells achieving efficiencies over 23.2% [2] - The spray-coating strategy supports continuous control of film thickness from nanometers to micrometers and can be directly applied to complex three-dimensional structures and patterned deposition [2]