Core Viewpoint - The Deep Space Exploration Laboratory in Hefei, China, has made significant advancements in lunar exploration technologies, including in-situ resource utilization for construction and water extraction on the Moon, which could support long-term human presence and reduce reliance on Earth for supplies [7][12]. Group 1: Lunar Construction Technologies - The laboratory has developed a 3D printing system that utilizes lunar regolith to create bricks for building structures on the Moon, eliminating the need to transport materials from Earth [10][11]. - The 3D printing system operates by using concentrated solar energy to melt lunar soil, allowing for the construction of customized shapes and structures directly on the lunar surface [10][11]. - The technology has overcome challenges related to the Moon's extreme environment, ensuring reliable energy capture and material formation [11]. Group 2: Water Extraction Technologies - The laboratory has created a prototype for a water ice extraction system that can extract water from lunar regolith, enabling a sustainable water supply for future lunar missions [12]. - This system employs a multi-needle drilling technique that heats the ice within the regolith, converting it to vapor, which is then collected and condensed back into solid ice [12]. - The extraction process is designed to be efficient and low-energy, achieving international advanced levels in its technical specifications [12]. Group 3: Broader Implications for Space Exploration - The advancements in lunar technologies are part of a broader strategy to establish a lunar research station, which will serve as a stepping stone for deeper space exploration [13][14]. - The laboratory is also involved in Mars sample return missions, focusing on planetary protection and site selection for landing [14][15]. - The laboratory's efforts align with China's three-step plan for deep space exploration, which includes lunar, Martian, and outer solar system missions [14][15]. Group 4: International Collaboration and Industry Growth - The laboratory has engaged in international collaborations, signing agreements with over 60 foreign research institutions to enhance global cooperation in space exploration [17]. - The commercial space sector in Anhui Province has seen investments exceeding 10 billion yuan in recent years, indicating a growing interest in space-related industries [16][17]. - The laboratory's initiatives are contributing to the development of a comprehensive space industry ecosystem, including deep space energy, internet, and tourism [16].