该结果表明，关联产生具有本质上的不可逆，突破了此前的理论矛盾。中国科学院院士孙昌璞对此项成 果给予了高度评价："这一工作从量子力学层面为熵增规律与时间箭头的诠释提供了坚实的理论基础， 深刻揭示了量子与经典关联在物理中的核心作用，触及了一个根本性的科学问题，具有重要的理论意 义。"记者 王小武 本报讯 12月19日，海南大学物理与光电工程学院教授蔡庆宇团队在"时间箭头"与熵增原理这一跨越百 年的基础科学难题上取得了新进展。该团队揭示出量子系统关联产生的不可逆性，从量子力学层面为熵 增规律与时间箭头的诠释提供了理论基础。相关成果近日发表在期刊《物理学年鉴》上。 针对这一难题，团队从关联视角给出了突破性的理论解答，首次证明了一个关键性的"不可行定理"：在 封闭量子系统中，不存在任何普适的物理操作能够完全消除任意未知量子态之间的关联。团队基于此建 立了一个统一的理论框架：将热量从高温流向低温、孤立系统向平衡态演化以及退相干等不可逆现象， 归因于关联在演化过程中持续生成且难以逆转。 物理史上对于"微观层面的动力学规律是时间可逆的，但感受到的宏观世界却存在单向的'时间箭头'"这 个问题始终存疑。热力学第二定律指出，孤立系 ...

Group 1 - The concept of the Boltzmann Brain suggests that in an infinitely old and chaotic universe, random fluctuations could create a brain with complete memories and self-awareness without the need for a complex external world [1][2][3] - The probability of a Boltzmann Brain existing is argued to be higher than that of a low-entropy universe evolving into a complex structure, as the latter requires overcoming significant entropy increase [2][3] - This leads to the unsettling conclusion that human existence might be a fleeting phenomenon resulting from a random quantum fluctuation, challenging fundamental perceptions of reality [5][6] Group 2 - The discussion contrasts the Boltzmann Brain with Laplace's Demon, which represents determinism, suggesting that all thoughts and feelings are predetermined by physical laws [11][12] - Both perspectives imply that free will does not exist, whether through extreme randomness or absolute determinism [12][18] - Kant's philosophy attempts to reconcile these views by suggesting that true freedom exists beyond observable reality, yet this remains a scientific mystery [18][19] Group 3 - The insights from Boltzmann and Darwin regarding how order emerges from disorder provide a different perspective on evolution and consciousness [19][20] - Boltzmann's view redefines survival competition as a struggle for "negative entropy," indicating that life extracts order from its environment to maintain complexity [20] - This suggests that consciousness may be a product of evolutionary processes aimed at better perceiving the world and utilizing resources effectively [21][22] Group 4 - The exploration of consciousness requires a multidisciplinary approach, incorporating insights from cognitive science, philosophy, and neuroscience [40][42] - Various theories, such as Hofstadter's "strange loop," Turing's computationalism, and integrated information theory (IIT), challenge traditional notions of consciousness and its location [42][43][44] - These perspectives indicate that consciousness may not reside in a specific location but rather in the organization and flow of information within a system [46][47] Group 5 - The evolution of AI, particularly through models like the Boltzmann machine, reflects the potential for understanding consciousness through complex information processing [26][31][33] - The Boltzmann machine's design, which incorporates randomness and probabilistic learning, parallels the idea that consciousness may emerge from structured interactions within a chaotic environment [34][38] - This suggests that consciousness could be a result of cumulative processes rather than a singular miraculous event [38][39]