Core Viewpoint - Geoffrey Hinton, known as the "father of artificial intelligence," visited Shanghai, China, for discussions on AI advancements, emphasizing the intersection of AI and scientific discovery [1][2][3] Group 1: Hinton's Visit and Discussions - Hinton's visit included a public dialogue with Zhou Bowen, director of the Shanghai Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, focusing on cutting-edge AI research [2][3] - The dialogue covered topics such as multimodal large models, subjective experience, and training "kind" superintelligence [3][9] - Hinton's presence was met with enthusiasm, as attendees applauded and recorded the event, highlighting his significance in the AI field [2] Group 2: AI and Scientific Discovery - Zhou Bowen presented the "SAGE" framework, which integrates foundational models, fusion layers, and evaluation layers to elevate AI from a tool to an engine for scientific discovery [3] - Hinton noted that AI has the potential to significantly advance scientific research, citing examples like protein folding and weather prediction, where AI outperforms traditional methods [16][17] Group 3: Perspectives on AI Consciousness - Hinton expressed the view that current multimodal chatbots possess a form of consciousness, challenging conventional beliefs about AI capabilities [9][13] - He discussed the importance of understanding subjective experience in AI, suggesting that many misconceptions exist regarding how these concepts operate [12] Group 4: Training AI for Kindness - Hinton proposed that training AI to be both intelligent and kind involves different methodologies, allowing countries to share techniques for fostering AI kindness without compromising intelligence [14][15] - He emphasized the need for ongoing research to develop universal methods for instilling kindness in AI systems as they become more intelligent [15][16] Group 5: Advice for Young Researchers - Hinton advised young researchers to explore areas where they believe "everyone is wrong," encouraging persistence in their unique approaches until they understand the reasoning behind established methods [18]

Core Viewpoint - The dialogue between Geoffrey Hinton and Professor Zhou Bowen highlights the advancements in AI, particularly in multi-modal models, and discusses the implications of AI's potential consciousness and its role in scientific discovery [2][3][15]. Group 1: AI Consciousness and Subjective Experience - Hinton argues that the question of whether AI has consciousness or subjective experience is not strictly a scientific one, but rather depends on how these terms are defined [4][5]. - He suggests that current multi-modal chatbots may already possess a form of consciousness, challenging traditional understandings of subjective experience [5]. - The conversation touches on the potential for AI agents to learn from their own experiences, which could lead to a deeper understanding than what humans provide [6][7]. Group 2: Training AI for Goodness and Intelligence - Hinton proposes that training AI to be both intelligent and kind involves different methodologies, and countries could share techniques for fostering kindness without sharing intelligence-enhancing methods [8][9]. - There is a discussion on the possibility of developing universal training methods to instill goodness in AI across various models and intelligence levels [9][14]. Group 3: AI's Role in Scientific Advancement - Hinton emphasizes the significant role AI can play in advancing scientific research, citing examples like protein folding predictions as a testament to AI's capabilities [15][16]. - Zhou Bowen mentions that AI models have outperformed traditional physics models in predicting weather patterns, showcasing AI's practical applications in science [16]. Group 4: Advice for Young Researchers - Hinton advises young researchers to explore areas where "everyone might be wrong," as true breakthroughs often come from challenging conventional wisdom [18][19]. - He encourages persistence in one's beliefs, even in the face of skepticism from mentors, as significant discoveries often arise from steadfastness [19][20].

Core Viewpoint - Neuralink, led by Elon Musk, aims to revolutionize human interaction with technology through brain-machine interfaces, enabling individuals to control devices with their thoughts and potentially enhancing human capabilities [1][11]. Group 1: Current Developments - Neuralink has successfully implanted devices in seven individuals, allowing them to interact with the physical world through thought, including playing video games and controlling robotic limbs [3][5]. - The company plans to enable blind individuals to regain sight by 2026, with aspirations for advanced visual capabilities akin to those seen in science fiction [5][12]. Group 2: Future Goals - Neuralink's ultimate goal is to create a full brain interface that connects human consciousness with AI, allowing for seamless communication and interaction [11][60]. - A three-year roadmap has been outlined, with milestones including speech decoding by 2025, visual restoration for blind participants by 2026, and the integration of multiple implants by 2028 [72][74][76]. Group 3: Technological Innovations - The second-generation surgical robot can now implant electrodes in just 1.5 seconds, significantly improving the efficiency of the procedure [77]. - The N1 implant is designed to enhance data transmission between the brain and external devices, potentially expanding human cognitive capabilities [80][81].

Group 1 - The concept of the Boltzmann Brain suggests that in an infinitely old and chaotic universe, random fluctuations could create a brain with complete memories and self-awareness without the need for a complex external world [1][2][3] - The probability of a Boltzmann Brain existing is argued to be higher than that of a low-entropy universe evolving into a complex structure, as the latter requires overcoming significant entropy increase [2][3] - This leads to the unsettling conclusion that human existence might be a fleeting phenomenon resulting from a random quantum fluctuation, challenging fundamental perceptions of reality [5][6] Group 2 - The discussion contrasts the Boltzmann Brain with Laplace's Demon, which represents determinism, suggesting that all thoughts and feelings are predetermined by physical laws [11][12] - Both perspectives imply that free will does not exist, whether through extreme randomness or absolute determinism [12][18] - Kant's philosophy attempts to reconcile these views by suggesting that true freedom exists beyond observable reality, yet this remains a scientific mystery [18][19] Group 3 - The insights from Boltzmann and Darwin regarding how order emerges from disorder provide a different perspective on evolution and consciousness [19][20] - Boltzmann's view redefines survival competition as a struggle for "negative entropy," indicating that life extracts order from its environment to maintain complexity [20] - This suggests that consciousness may be a product of evolutionary processes aimed at better perceiving the world and utilizing resources effectively [21][22] Group 4 - The exploration of consciousness requires a multidisciplinary approach, incorporating insights from cognitive science, philosophy, and neuroscience [40][42] - Various theories, such as Hofstadter's "strange loop," Turing's computationalism, and integrated information theory (IIT), challenge traditional notions of consciousness and its location [42][43][44] - These perspectives indicate that consciousness may not reside in a specific location but rather in the organization and flow of information within a system [46][47] Group 5 - The evolution of AI, particularly through models like the Boltzmann machine, reflects the potential for understanding consciousness through complex information processing [26][31][33] - The Boltzmann machine's design, which incorporates randomness and probabilistic learning, parallels the idea that consciousness may emerge from structured interactions within a chaotic environment [34][38] - This suggests that consciousness could be a result of cumulative processes rather than a singular miraculous event [38][39]

大脑研究与人工智能 【编者按】当语言模型越来越像人类， "意识"这一哲学和科学交界的谜题依旧未解。我们该如何理解这场科学与哲学的碰撞？今天，我们带来《我的哲学 探索》一书中最为深刻的一章，作者试图以哲学的视角、科学的案例、认知的反思，走出现代科学对"意识"的困境，照亮一条从"现代常识理性"迈向"科学 理性"乃至"真实性哲学"的道路。 投稿 | 中信出版集团 责编｜梦依丹 出品丨AI 科技大本营 AI 有意识了吗？ 这是一个越来越难以回避的问题。尤其是在 OpenAI 发布 o1 之后，我们看到了前所未有的智能错觉：AI 不再只是机械地回答问题，而是表现出一 种"似乎理解了你"的状态。与此同时，DeepSeek R1 的推出，也让推理能力成为大模型的标配，"像人一样思考"成为新的技术追求。 从技术角度看，这一轮大模型的进化，更像是在建构一个"拟态意识系统"——它并不真的理解世界，但却能以高度一致的方式，模拟出理解的效果；它 没有主观体验，却能精准模仿人类语言中的情绪、动机与逻辑。 哲学家金观涛指出，要真正理解当下的智能浪潮，必须回到科学发展的历史现场，从哲学角度重新思考"真实""虚拟"以及"人之为人"的根本问题 ...