Core Viewpoint - The article emphasizes the importance of regulating natural monopoly segments in the oil and gas pipeline network to support the construction of a unified national market, enhancing energy security and optimizing resource allocation [2][3]. Group 1: Breaking Down Monopoly Barriers - The new regulatory measures focus on dismantling monopoly barriers in the oil and gas pipeline facilities, promoting a fair and just competitive environment for various market entities, which will significantly enhance resource allocation efficiency [4]. - This initiative is a crucial support for the construction of a unified national market, aiming for free flow of factors, unified rules, and fair competition [4]. Group 2: Strengthening Natural Monopoly Regulation - The new regulatory framework clarifies the scope and operational rules for fair access to natural monopoly segments, facilitating the optimization of energy resource allocation and contributing to the modern energy market system [5]. - The previous regulatory measures laid a foundation for stable pipeline services, which are essential for energy supply security and fostering a competitive market environment [5]. Group 3: Improving Fair Access Mechanisms - The new regulations enhance the framework for fair access to oil and gas pipeline facilities, aiming to improve service levels and ensure comprehensive planning to avoid resource waste and market imbalance [6]. - This approach considers various factors such as resource distribution and market demand, aligning with the current development stage of the oil and gas industry in China [6]. Group 4: Introducing Penalties for Fair Access - The new regulations represent a significant legal advancement by introducing penalty clauses that align with the Energy Law, creating a comprehensive legal responsibility system [7]. - This innovation aims to regulate the behavior of pipeline facility operators and ensure orderly market participation, thereby preventing resource misuse and unhealthy competition [7].