Core Viewpoint - The legislative process of the Ecological Environment Code has advanced, with the second draft of the pollution prevention section and legal responsibilities being submitted for review, reflecting a systematic response to current environmental challenges and public concerns [1]. Group 1: Air Pollution Prevention - The draft emphasizes addressing shortcomings in air pollution prevention, including enhancing standards for volatile organic compounds and regulating emissions from heavy-duty trucks and ships [2][3]. - The draft expands the definition of "organic solvents" to include "raw and auxiliary materials and products containing volatile organic compounds," thereby broadening the scope of regulation [2]. - It aims to improve regulatory effectiveness for mobile sources of air pollution, which have become significant contributors to air quality issues [3]. Group 2: Water Pollution Prevention - The draft includes more detailed regulations for water pollution prevention, such as conducting groundwater condition assessments and enhancing pollution control for inland vessels [4]. - It establishes management requirements for groundwater pollution prevention, including risk control and environmental access [4]. - The draft sets higher standards for wastewater discharge from inland vessels and emphasizes the construction of pollution reception facilities at ports and shipyards [4]. Group 3: Agricultural Non-Point Source Pollution - The draft strengthens regulations on agricultural non-point source pollution, addressing issues related to financial support, agricultural input management, and waste disposal [6]. - It reflects a shift in focus from point source pollution, which has seen significant improvements, to the rising challenges posed by non-point source pollution [6]. Group 4: Legal Responsibility and Penalties - The draft reinforces the principle of proportionality in penalties, aiming to avoid excessive fines for minor infractions while ensuring accountability for serious violations [7]. - It introduces provisions for adjusting penalties based on the severity of the environmental offense, addressing concerns about inconsistent enforcement [7]. Group 5: Combating Fraudulent Practices - The draft imposes strict penalties for fraudulent activities related to vehicle and ship emissions testing, as well as for falsifying monitoring data [8]. - It emphasizes the importance of accurate environmental data to inform policy-making and enforcement, thereby enhancing public trust and market fairness [8]. - The regulations aim to increase the cost of violations, thereby deterring fraudulent behavior and improving the effectiveness of environmental governance [8].

此外，污染防治编草案二审稿进一步加强重金属污染防治、挥发性有机物污染防治；在水污染防治 方面，增加开展地下水状况调查评价的内容，加强进入内河船舶的水污染防治等。 法律责任和附则编草案二审稿进一步落实过罚相当原则，优化调整罚款相关规定。一是增加从重处 罚、从轻减轻处罚、不予处罚等一般适用规定；二是将行政处罚五年追责期限的适用情形，明确为造成 环境污染、生态破坏等危害后果的违法行为；三是总结执法实践情况，对社会反映较为集中的部分条文 中的行政处罚规定作出相应修改完善。 法律责任和附则编草案二审稿还充实了生态保护、绿色低碳发展方面的法律责任规定，并聚焦与人 民群众生产生活息息相关的如油烟污染、光污染等生态环境问题作出了相关规定。 草案征求意见过程中，多方建议加大农业农村污染防治资金保障力度，加强农业面源污染防治。对 此，污染防治编草案二审稿明确各级人民政府应当在财政预算中安排资金支持农村生活垃圾处理、畜禽 和水产养殖污染防治；增加规定科学合理安全使用兽药、饲料和饲料添加剂等农业投入品，科学处置农 业投入品包装废弃物等。 回应各方对固体废物污染防治的相关意见建议，污染防治编草案二审稿要求县级以上地方人民政府 应当制定 ...