Core Viewpoint - NIO's battery swapping model is being criticized, but it is strategically building a competitive moat that requires time to demonstrate its value [1][2][8] Financial Performance - NIO reported a net loss of 4.26 billion yuan in Q1 2025, a year-on-year increase of 37.8%, with R&D expenses accounting for 41% of costs, primarily due to battery swapping network investments [2] - The initial heavy asset investment in battery swapping is necessary for long-term competitive advantages, similar to Amazon and JD's logistics investments [2] Battery Swapping Model Benefits - The battery swapping service allows users to save approximately 1,500 yuan monthly on charging time and costs, enhancing convenience compared to traditional charging methods [3] - NIO's battery leasing service reduces the purchase cost of vehicles by 100,000 yuan, broadening the target customer base [3][4] Strategic Partnerships - NIO's recent partnership with CATL aims to develop a second-generation battery pack with a 15% increase in energy density and a 20% reduction in cost, potentially reshaping industry dynamics [4] - The collaboration may lead to a standardized battery pack design, allowing different brands to share the same battery swapping infrastructure [4] Market Position and Ecosystem - NIO has established 2,800 battery swapping stations, covering 95% of prefecture-level cities, which serve as both service points and data collection hubs [6] - The battery swapping model is expected to improve operational efficiency by 40%, with daily service vehicles per station exceeding 120 [6] Competitive Landscape - The ultimate competition in the electric vehicle market is shifting from individual products to ecosystem battles, with NIO focusing on reconstructing the energy supply system [6][8] - NIO's battery swapping network is seen as a hidden barrier to entry, requiring time to fully realize its potential [8] Future Outlook - As battery swapping becomes standardized, new business models will emerge, including battery valuation, second-life usage, and green energy trading [8] - NIO's investment recovery period for battery swapping stations has decreased from 48 months to 30 months, indicating improving financial viability [8]