Core Viewpoint - The article emphasizes the importance of public health awareness and preventive measures during the winter and spring seasons, highlighting the increased risk of respiratory infections, including influenza, avian influenza, norovirus, and carbon monoxide poisoning due to colder temperatures and specific environmental conditions [1][2][3]. Group 1: Respiratory Infections - The winter-spring season is a peak period for acute respiratory infections in China, with pathogens such as influenza virus, rhinovirus, and respiratory syncytial virus being prevalent [2] - Influenza primarily spreads through respiratory droplets in crowded and poorly ventilated indoor spaces, with symptoms including fever, headache, and muscle pain, particularly affecting high-risk groups like pregnant women, infants, the elderly, and those with chronic diseases [2] Group 2: Preventive Measures for Respiratory Infections - Good hygiene practices are essential, including covering the mouth and nose when coughing or sneezing, frequent handwashing, and maintaining a balanced diet and adequate rest [3] - Vaccination is the most effective method to prevent influenza, especially for high-risk populations [3] Group 3: Avian Influenza - Human infection with avian influenza is caused by accidental transmission from infected birds, with symptoms similar to influenza and potential severe outcomes like acute respiratory distress syndrome [4] - Preventive measures include avoiding contact with sick or dead animals and ensuring proper cooking of poultry products [5] Group 4: Norovirus - Norovirus primarily spreads through contaminated food or water, with symptoms including nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea, particularly in crowded settings like schools [6] - Hand hygiene and proper food handling practices are crucial to prevent infection [7][8] Group 5: Carbon Monoxide Poisoning - The period from November to March sees a rise in carbon monoxide poisoning cases, often due to improper heating methods [9] - Preventive measures include ensuring proper ventilation when using coal or gas heating and installing carbon monoxide detectors [10]