人民网北京12月11日电 （记者乔业琼）据中疾控微信公众号消息，12月份，我国大部分地区气温 持续下降，北方地区天气寒冷，降雪增多；南方湿冷，偶有寒潮南下，提醒大家做好防寒保暖。2025年 12月需关注流行性感冒及其他急性呼吸道传染病、人感染禽流感、诺如病毒肠炎以及一氧化碳中毒。 流感和其它急性呼吸道传染病 冬春季节是我国急性呼吸道传染病高发季节，近期监测显示，引起急性呼吸道感染的病原包括流感 病毒、鼻病毒、呼吸道合胞病毒等。其中，流行性感冒（以下简称流感）主要通过打喷嚏、咳嗽等方式 经空气传播，在人群密集且密闭或通风不良的室内更易传播。临床表现以发热、头痛、肌肉关节酸痛起 病，常有咽痛、干咳、鼻塞、流涕等，可有畏寒、寒战、乏力等全身症状。孕妇、婴幼儿、老年人和慢 性病患者等高危人群，可因肺炎等并发症或基础疾病加重发展成重症病例。 主要防护措施： 一是保持良好的卫生习惯，咳嗽或打喷嚏时，用纸巾、毛巾等遮住口鼻；勤洗手，尽量避免用手触 摸眼、鼻或口；均衡饮食，适量运动，充足休息等。尽量避免接触流感样症状患者，若需接触需保持1 米以上距离并佩戴口罩；前往商场、地铁等密闭、人员密集场所应主动佩戴医用外科口罩，每个口 ...

Core Viewpoint - The article emphasizes the need to monitor various infectious diseases, including Chikungunya, Dengue fever, acute respiratory infections, Hand, Foot, and Mouth Disease (HFMD), Norovirus gastroenteritis, and Monkeypox, following the National Day and Mid-Autumn Festival holidays in October 2025 [1] Group 1: Mosquito-borne Diseases - Chikungunya is an acute infectious disease caused by the Chikungunya virus, primarily transmitted by Aedes mosquitoes, with symptoms including fever, rash, and joint pain [2] - Dengue fever is caused by the Dengue virus, also transmitted by Aedes mosquitoes, presenting symptoms such as fever, fatigue, loss of appetite, nausea, severe headaches, and muscle and joint pain [2] Group 2: Preventive Measures for Mosquito-borne Diseases - Key preventive measures include avoiding mosquito bites by using mosquito repellent, wearing long sleeves and pants, and using mosquito nets in areas with Aedes mosquitoes [3] - Eliminating mosquito breeding sites by regularly cleaning and removing standing water, and using insecticides indoors [3] - Increasing self-awareness regarding health status and seeking medical attention if symptoms like fever and joint pain occur after potential exposure [3] Group 3: Acute Respiratory Infections - Acute respiratory infections can be caused by various pathogens, including Mycoplasma pneumoniae, rhinoviruses, and coronaviruses, with recent monitoring showing high positivity rates for rhinoviruses and respiratory syncytial viruses [4] Group 4: Preventive Measures for Acute Respiratory Infections - Maintaining good hygiene practices, such as covering the mouth and nose when coughing or sneezing, frequent handwashing, and a balanced diet [5] - Seeking medical attention promptly if experiencing fever and respiratory symptoms, and wearing masks in crowded or enclosed spaces [5] - Vulnerable populations, including pregnant women and the elderly, should actively receive vaccinations as per guidelines [5] Group 5: Hand, Foot, and Mouth Disease (HFMD) - HFMD is a common infectious disease in children caused by various enteroviruses, with outbreaks typically occurring in spring-summer and autumn [6] - The disease spreads through the digestive and respiratory tracts, with symptoms including fever and rashes on hands, mouth, and feet [6] Group 6: Preventive Measures for HFMD - Good hygiene practices, regular cleaning and disinfection of toys and frequently touched surfaces, and avoiding contact with infected children are crucial [8] - Vaccination against EV-A71 can effectively prevent severe cases of HFMD, recommended for children over six months old [9] Group 7: Norovirus Gastroenteritis - Norovirus gastroenteritis can occur year-round, with a peak from October to March, often in schools and travel groups, spreading through contaminated food and water [10] Group 8: Preventive Measures for Norovirus - Emphasizing hand hygiene, safe food and water consumption, and proper disinfection of contaminated surfaces are essential preventive measures [11] Group 9: Monkeypox - Monkeypox is an acute infectious disease caused by the monkeypox virus, with symptoms including fever, rash, and swollen lymph nodes, primarily transmitted through direct contact with infected individuals [12] Group 10: Preventive Measures for Monkeypox - Awareness of monkeypox prevention, maintaining good hygiene, and avoiding close contact with suspected cases are critical [13][14]

Core Viewpoint - The article emphasizes the importance of preventive measures against various infectious diseases, including Chikungunya, Dengue fever, acute respiratory infections, Hand, Foot, and Mouth Disease (HFMD), Norovirus gastroenteritis, and Monkeypox, especially after the National Day and Mid-Autumn Festival holidays. Group 1: Mosquito-borne Diseases (Chikungunya and Dengue Fever) - Chikungunya is an acute infectious disease caused by the Chikungunya virus, primarily transmitted by Aedes mosquitoes, with symptoms including fever, rash, and joint pain [1] - Dengue fever is caused by the dengue virus, also transmitted by Aedes mosquitoes, presenting symptoms such as fever, fatigue, loss of appetite, nausea, severe headaches, and muscle and joint pain [1] - Key preventive measures include avoiding mosquito bites, using mosquito repellent, and eliminating mosquito breeding sites by clearing standing water [2][2] Group 2: Acute Respiratory Infections - Various pathogens cause acute respiratory infections, with recent monitoring showing high positivity rates for rhinovirus and respiratory syncytial virus [4] - Preventive measures include maintaining good hygiene, wearing masks in crowded places, and timely medical consultation for respiratory symptoms [5] Group 3: Hand, Foot, and Mouth Disease (HFMD) - HFMD is a common infectious disease in children, primarily affecting those under five years old, with transmission through the digestive and respiratory tracts [6] - Preventive measures include maintaining hygiene, regular cleaning of toys, and avoiding contact with infected children [7][8] Group 4: Norovirus Gastroenteritis - Norovirus gastroenteritis can occur year-round, with a peak from October to March, often in schools and travel groups [10] - Preventive measures include frequent handwashing, ensuring food and water safety, and disinfecting contaminated surfaces [12] Group 5: Monkeypox - Monkeypox is an acute infectious disease characterized by fever, rash, and lymphadenopathy, primarily transmitted through direct contact with infected individuals [13] - Preventive measures include enhancing self-protection awareness, avoiding close contact with suspected cases, and adhering to entry and exit regulations [14][15][17]