Core Viewpoint - CAR-T cell therapy, while revolutionary in cancer treatment, poses potential cognitive impairment risks, such as memory loss and attention deficits, as evidenced by recent research [2][5][20]. Group 1: Research Findings - A study published in Cell confirmed that CAR-T cell therapy can lead to cognitive impairment in mouse models, revealing that the underlying issue is an immune response involving brain immune cells (microglia) [2][10]. - The research demonstrated that CAR-T cell therapy can cause persistent neuroinflammation, affecting cognitive functions across various cancer types, including blood cancers and brain tumors [10][20]. - Key findings indicated that microglial overactivation and a significant reduction (20%-35%) in oligodendrocytes, which are crucial for nerve signal transmission, contribute to cognitive decline [12][20]. Group 2: Mechanisms of Cognitive Impairment - The study identified a "cytokine storm" where inflammatory markers like CCL11 increase, leading to microglial activation and subsequent damage to oligodendrocytes [12][15]. - Cognitive deficits were linked to a 40%-50% reduction in new neurons in the hippocampus, a critical area for memory formation, explaining observed memory issues in treated mice [12][20]. - The research highlighted a vicious cycle where oligodendrocyte death impairs myelin repair, further delaying nerve signal transmission and worsening cognitive function [12][15]. Group 3: Potential Solutions - The research team proposed two strategies to mitigate cognitive damage: temporarily depleting microglia or blocking the CCR3 receptor, which showed promise in restoring cognitive function in treated mice [15][20]. - Using CSF1R inhibitors to clear overactive microglia resulted in a recovery of oligodendrocyte numbers and normalization of memory test performance [15][20]. - The study suggests personalized treatment approaches based on tumor types and the potential for combining CAR-T therapy with neuroprotective agents to enhance patient outcomes [16][20].