Core Viewpoint - The article discusses the recent armed conflict between Thailand and Cambodia along their border, highlighting the military actions taken by both sides and the diplomatic responses from China regarding the situation [1][2][3]. Group 1: Military Actions - On July 26, armed clashes occurred between Thai and Cambodian forces, with Thailand claiming that Cambodian soldiers initiated the gunfire [1][2]. - The Thai military confirmed the use of cluster munitions in their operations, stating that it was based on tactical needs to enhance the effectiveness of military strikes against military targets [2]. - The Thai military emphasized that their use of cluster munitions does not violate international conventions, as Thailand is not a signatory to the Convention on Cluster Munitions [2]. Group 2: Diplomatic Responses - China's Foreign Ministry expressed concern over the conflict, urging both Thailand and Cambodia to resolve their differences through dialogue and negotiation [3]. - The spokesperson highlighted the importance of maintaining friendly relations between the two nations, which are both significant members of ASEAN [3].

Core Viewpoint - The Thai military confirms the use of cluster munitions in military operations, stating it is based on tactical needs to enhance strike efficiency against military targets, and emphasizes that these munitions do not pose long-term risks to civilians [1] Group 1 - The Thai military spokesperson addressed accusations from Cambodia regarding the use of cluster munitions, asserting that their use is tactical and aimed at military objectives [1] - Cluster munitions are designed to release multiple sub-munitions that explode in succession after the main warhead hits the target [1] - The Thai military clarifies that these munitions are not classified as "anti-personnel landmines" and do not leave long-term hazards for civilians post-use [1] Group 2 - Thailand is not a signatory to the Convention on Cluster Munitions, which prohibits the use, production, and stockpiling of such munitions, thus the convention does not bind Thailand [1] - The military reiterates adherence to the principle of proportionality in all military actions, ensuring that cluster munitions are only used to enhance the effectiveness of strikes against military targets and not against non-military targets [1]

Core Viewpoint - The Ministry of Finance has released a draft application guide for the "Corporate Sustainable Disclosure Standards - Basic Standards (Trial)" to refine corporate sustainable information disclosure norms, emphasizing alignment with international standards and incorporating Chinese characteristics [1][2]. Group 1: Key Principles and Guidelines - The application guide is based on three principles: refinement of the Basic Standards, alignment with international standards, and incorporation of Chinese characteristics [1]. - The guide focuses on nine core issues, highlighting the importance of the value chain in sustainable information disclosure [2]. - Companies must reassess their value chain and related sustainable risks and opportunities when significant changes occur in their business model or structure [2]. Group 2: Importance of Financial and Non-Financial Information - The guide emphasizes the need for companies to link sustainable information with financial statements, reflecting overall performance and long-term value creation [2][3]. - A four-step assessment method is proposed for evaluating the importance of risks and opportunities, combining quantitative and qualitative approaches [3]. Group 3: Coordination with Existing Guidelines - The guide complements the "Listed Companies Sustainable Development Report Compilation Guidelines" issued by the three major stock exchanges, indicating a unified approach to corporate sustainable disclosure [4][5]. - The stock exchanges aim to help listed companies understand and comply with sustainable development reporting requirements, enhancing the quality of disclosures [5]. Group 4: Future Directions and Industry-Specific Guidance - The application guide includes both general and industry-specific guidelines to assist companies in identifying and disclosing significant sustainable information [5]. - The development of unified sustainable disclosure standards in China is an ongoing process, with suggestions to incorporate international practices for ESG themes not yet covered by national standards [5].