Core Viewpoint - The implementation of hardware code bans by game companies has significantly impacted the second-hand PC hardware market, leading to unintended consequences for innocent users who purchase used components [1][3][4]. Group 1: Impact on Players - Players are facing account bans when using second-hand motherboards that have been previously flagged, even if they are new accounts [1][6]. - The hardware code ban system is designed to deter cheating but creates a risky environment for new users purchasing second-hand hardware [6][10]. Group 2: Challenges for Second-Hand Platforms - Second-hand platforms struggle to verify the status of hardware codes, as they lack access to the internal databases of game companies [7][9]. - The absence of a standardized verification system leaves buyers and sellers in a position where disputes are common, with platforms unable to mediate effectively [9][10]. Group 3: Opportunities for Improvement - There is potential for second-hand platforms to establish a credible hardware credit system, collaborating with game companies to provide transparency and risk information [10][15]. - By creating a reliable credit tagging system, platforms can differentiate themselves and potentially increase their market share in the second-hand hardware space [15].