Core Viewpoint - India is making significant strides in semiconductor design, with the ability to design 2nm chips, showcasing its potential to compete with top international manufacturers [1][2]. Group 1: Technological Advancements - The Indian government emphasizes the importance of data in driving growth, likening data to "new oil" and data centers to "new refineries" [1]. - India has progressed from designing 5nm and 7nm chips to now being capable of designing 2nm chips, which are among the most complex and smallest chips available [1]. - The manufacturing of chips requires extreme precision and purity, with a loss of $200 million possible from just five minutes of power outage during production [1]. Group 2: Government Initiatives - In May 2023, the Indian government introduced a plan to support electronic component manufacturing to address critical bottlenecks in the semiconductor supply chain [2]. - The government is now covering 50% of the project costs for all manufacturing units, chip testing, and packaging units, regardless of chip size [2]. - The Indian Semiconductor Mission (ISM) was approved in 2021 with a budget of ₹760 billion to promote manufacturing, design, and production [2]. Group 3: Investment and Infrastructure - By 2025, India plans to establish its first advanced 3nm chip design center in Noida and Bangalore, marking a significant milestone in its semiconductor capabilities [2][3]. - Five production units are currently under construction, indicating a crucial step towards local chip production [3]. - The state of Madhya Pradesh has made significant progress in IT and electronics, planning to invest ₹1.5 billion over the next six years [3]. Group 4: Emerging Technologies - India is transitioning from traditional silicon-based semiconductors to the latest silicon carbide-based semiconductors, which are essential for advanced applications [3]. - The roadmap includes the introduction of advanced 3D glass packaging technology, critical for defense systems and aerospace applications [3].