Core Insights - The article discusses the U-shaped relationship between happiness and age, with a low point around 48.3 years, and highlights the unique challenges faced by middle-aged individuals in China compared to their global counterparts [1][3][22]. Group 1: Middle-Aged Individuals in China - The average age of the lowest happiness level for Chinese individuals is between 50-52 years, which is later than the global average [3][4]. - The "middle generation" (born between 1962-1982) constitutes 35% of the total population, with an average age of 61 among the wealthiest entrepreneurs listed in the 2024 Hurun Rich List [8][11]. - High-net-worth individuals from the 60s and 70s account for 25.05% and 33.65% respectively, indicating their significant wealth accumulation during China's economic growth [12][13]. Group 2: Economic and Social Context - The "reform babies" born in 1963 experienced significant economic changes, with disposable income rising from 49.7 yuan to 39,000 yuan [14]. - Many successful entrepreneurs, such as Jack Ma and Lei Jun, reached their peak market valuations in their 50s, demonstrating a trend where middle age can be a time of significant achievement [17][19]. Group 3: Challenges Faced by Ordinary Middle-Aged Individuals - Middle-aged individuals face a combination of career, family, and health crises, exacerbated by economic slowdowns and changing societal norms [21][22]. - The average marriage age has increased to 28.68 years, while the average life expectancy is approaching 80 years, creating a complex family dynamic where middle-aged individuals support both their children and aging parents [26][31]. Group 4: Happiness and Economic Factors - Research indicates that happiness among middle-aged individuals in China declines significantly, particularly for those in the 48-52 age range, with a calculated happiness loss equivalent to 384,000 yuan in income [33][34]. - The absence of employment or home ownership exacerbates this decline, with non-homeowners experiencing a happiness loss equivalent to 909,000 yuan [39]. Group 5: Policy Recommendations - The article suggests that policymakers should consider the welfare distribution among different age groups, particularly focusing on middle-aged individuals who may face unique challenges [41]. - Examples from Japan and the U.S. highlight the importance of employment support and anti-age discrimination laws to protect older workers in the labor market [47][50].

阿马蒂亚·森的名字 "Amartya" 是印度诗人泰戈尔所取，他是森外祖父的挚友。泰戈尔当时不想起一 个寻常的婴儿名字，最后他选了这个词，梵语中意为 "不朽" 或 "永生"。阿马蒂亚·森今年 91 岁，在 我们时代最有影响力的思想家之列。一些人觉得其人生高度和思想成就，足以配得上泰戈尔的祝 福。 许多经济学家喜欢解释和预测现实，但森被看作是经济学和哲学交汇的思想家。他关注现实应该是 什么样，人们应该追求什么，人们如何确定自己应该追求什么，政策如何影响一个人的生活机会， 如何实现社会正义等等。 四个故事中的阿马蒂亚·森，以及他对今天的启示。 文丨 曾梦龙 编辑丨钱杨 1943 年，9 岁的森发现，可能有十万饥饿的农民涌入自己所在的小镇。饥民不放过任何能吃的东 西；许多人饿到精神失常；母亲为了活下去也不管嚎啕大哭的孩子，独自吞下食物。他们正前往加 尔各答，因为听说那里在赈灾。事实上，这是谣言。加尔各答尸横遍野。这场灾难后被称为孟加拉 大饥荒，死亡人数达两三百万人。 几个月后，森看见一个浑身鲜血、不停哀叫的男人走进他家大门。男人叫卡德尔·米亚（Kader Mia），靠打零工维生。为了养活孩子，他冒险来到社区找活干， ...