Core Viewpoint - The application of scientific instruments in the field of art authentication marks a significant shift from traditional experience-based methods to a more scientific and systematic approach, integrating advanced technologies such as AI, spectroscopy, and imaging techniques [3][36]. Group 1: Technological Advancements - Recent breakthroughs in fields like optical engineering, materials science, and AI have created favorable conditions for the application of scientific instruments in art authentication [2]. - The range of scientific instruments used in art authentication has expanded from simple magnifying glasses and microscopes to advanced spectral analysis devices and digital scanning systems [3]. Group 2: Methodologies in Art Authentication - The scientific principles and core logic behind using scientific instruments for verifying the authenticity of artworks are based on their physical and chemical properties, analyzed through three technical dimensions: microscopic observation, spectral imaging, and trace evidence [3]. - Various scientific instruments are employed to examine surface traces, material composition, and hidden features of artworks, providing objective evidence for authentication [18][36]. Group 3: Specific Instrument Applications - High-magnification stereo microscopes are used to observe microscopic details of artworks, helping to identify whether they are forgeries or aged pieces [6]. - Infrared imaging technology has recently uncovered over 40 characters in the "Zidan Ku Bo Shu" at the Hunan Provincial Museum, demonstrating the capability of modern instruments to reveal hidden information [5][27]. Group 4: Case Studies and Findings - Research conducted on five Song Dynasty silk paintings revealed that the quality and density of the silk used can indicate the authenticity and historical significance of the artworks [8][15]. - The use of scientific instruments has provided critical evidence in legal cases involving art fraud, such as identifying prints and forgeries through established national standards [9][36]. Group 5: Future Directions - The integration of various technological methods, such as Raman spectroscopy and infrared imaging, enhances the reliability of art authentication results, indicating a trend towards a more systematic and scientific approach in the field [46].

Core Viewpoint - The implementation of 714 new standards in July 2025 highlights the importance of analytical techniques such as chromatography, mass spectrometry, and environmental monitoring in advancing various industries including agriculture, environmental protection, healthcare, and manufacturing [2][4][5]. Group 1: Instrumentation and Standards - The update of the "GB/T 9008-2024 Liquid Chromatography Terminology" reflects the need for standardized terminology in liquid chromatography, enhancing clarity and consistency in the field [3][7]. - New standards like "GB/T 45139-2024" utilize high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) to accurately measure harmful components in food products, ensuring food safety [4][10]. - The introduction of "HJ 1399-2024" employs triple quadrupole mass spectrometry to detect antibiotic residues in water, demonstrating advancements in environmental monitoring technologies [5][10]. Group 2: Industrial Applications - Instrumentation technologies are driving innovation in industries such as steel and automotive, with standards like "SN/T 5691-2024" ensuring the safety of automotive materials by analyzing heavy metal content [8][10]. - The application of chromatography and mass spectrometry in monitoring air quality and pollution levels is crucial for environmental governance, as seen in standards like "HJ 1392-2024" [5][10]. Group 3: Food Safety and Environmental Monitoring - The new standards are pivotal in establishing a robust ecological monitoring network, with high-sensitivity detection methods being essential for effective environmental management [5][10]. - The focus on food safety through rigorous testing standards ensures that harmful substances are monitored and controlled, safeguarding public health [4][10].