（来源：中国改革报） 转自：中国改革报 其一，分类评价的科学性与公平性挑战。如何为基础研究、应用研究、技术开发、成果转化等不同类型 科研活动，设计出既符合其规律又具备可操作性的评价标准？如何避免在破除旧"四唯"后，又形成诸 如"唯转化金额""唯企业头衔"等新的简单化倾向和"新帽子"？ 其二，市场评价与长期主义的平衡难题。引入市场效益、企业认可等评价维度时，如何有效防止科研活 动被短期市场波动或资本逐利性所干扰，确保对国家长远战略和前沿探索的持续投入？如何评估那些当 前不赚钱但关乎未来竞争力的核心技术研发？ 其三，破旧与立新的制度衔接问题。破除旧的评价体系后，如何建立起一套更加多元、复杂同时又能保 障公正、可信度的新评价体系？这涉及评审专家库的更新、评价流程的重塑、监督机制的完善以及学术 共同体文化的逐步转变。 其四，科技管理部门的改革智慧与定力。改革必然会触动既有利益格局，遭遇路径依赖的惯性阻力。这 就要求各级科技管理部门具备改革智慧与战略定力，在探索中不断完善，避免"翻烧饼"式的政策反复。 □ 张守营 "十五五"规划建议对深化科技评价改革进行部署，这是直面科技创新体系深层矛盾、回应时代发展需求 的战略抉择。 ...

Core Viewpoint - The article emphasizes the importance of reforming the technology evaluation system in China to enhance innovation capabilities and align research with industrial needs, aiming to break the rigid barriers that have historically constrained technological advancement [3][10]. Group 1: Reform Objectives - The reform aims to shift from a rigid evaluation system focused on "four whys" (papers, titles, degrees, awards) to a more flexible classification evaluation system that prioritizes innovation capability, quality, effectiveness, and contribution [3][5]. - The "14th Five-Year Plan" highlights the need for a new evaluation framework that encourages talent exchange between universities, research institutions, and enterprises, thereby stimulating innovation [3][10]. Group 2: Regional Initiatives - Shandong province is leading the way as the only pilot province for technology reward reform, shifting the focus of evaluations towards significant scientific discoveries and key technological breakthroughs [4][5]. - In 2024, Shandong's comprehensive reform plan will allow for differentiated evaluations based on the specific roles and contributions of various types of talent [5][6]. Group 3: Addressing Systemic Barriers - The article discusses the issue of "two skins" where research and industry needs are disconnected, leading to many valuable research outcomes remaining unutilized [7][8]. - In Shaanxi, reforms are being implemented to facilitate technology transfer and address deep-rooted issues that hinder the commercialization of research outcomes [7][8]. Group 4: Enhancing Research Environment - The article notes that frequent evaluations and lengthy processes create barriers for researchers, particularly young scientists, making it difficult for them to focus on long-term research [10][11]. - Initiatives like Tsinghua University's "Duxi Plan" aim to provide long-term support for basic research without the pressure of immediate publication or project application requirements [10][11]. Group 5: Evaluation Mechanisms - Various regions are broadening evaluation subjects and improving supervision mechanisms to create a more open and fair evaluation environment [11]. - Innovations in evaluation methods, such as integrating third-party assessments and performance evaluation mechanisms, are being adopted to ensure a more comprehensive and just evaluation process [11].

Group 1 - The core viewpoint of the article highlights the announcement of 112 technological innovation achievements by the Binzhou Municipal Government for the year 2025, marking the first evaluation based on the newly established evaluation method [1][3] - The evaluation process included a rigorous assessment with nominations, formal reviews, expert evaluations, departmental consultations, and public announcements, ensuring a fair and authoritative outcome [3] - The results showcase three distinct characteristics of Binzhou's current technological innovation landscape, emphasizing the integration of technology and industry, the active role of enterprises in innovation, and the emergence of young talent in the field [1][2] Group 2 - The integration of technology and industry is evident, with 80% of the top achievements belonging to key sectors of the "5210N" modern industrial cluster, which includes high-end equipment, fine chemicals, high-end aluminum, intelligent textiles, food processing, and healthcare [1] - Enterprises played a significant role in the innovation process, leading or deeply participating in 65 out of the 112 achievements, which represents 58% of the total, indicating a shift towards collaborative innovation between enterprises, universities, and research institutions [2] - The establishment of a "Technology Youth Innovation Achievement" category aims to strengthen the reserve of young scientific talent, with 10 selected achievements coming from various sectors, showcasing the vibrant and cross-disciplinary innovation efforts of young researchers [2] Group 3 - The evaluation of technological innovation achievements is part of Binzhou's strategy to implement an innovation-driven development approach, aiming to stimulate social innovation vitality and enhance independent innovation capabilities [3] - The city plans to focus on the transformation of technological achievements by encouraging enterprises to increase R&D investment and by strengthening the technical transfer service system to optimize the innovation ecosystem [3] - The ultimate goal is to accelerate the transition of outstanding technological innovations from laboratories to production lines, transforming technical blueprints into market products [3]