Core Insights - China maintains a dominant position in the global rare earth supply chain, with significant advantages in both the industrial chain and resource quantity [1][2][3] Group 1: Supply Chain Advantages - China possesses the only complete rare earth industrial chain globally, with mining, separation, and refining capabilities that other countries lack [1][2] - The US and Australia have rich rare earth reserves but limited refining capacity, making them reliant on Chinese supply [1][2] Group 2: Supply Quantity - According to USGS data, in 2024, global rare earth reserves are approximately 90.8845 million tons, with China holding about 44 million tons, accounting for 48.41% [2] - China's rare earth production in 2024 is projected to be 270,000 tons, representing about 68.54% of the global total of 394,000 tons [2] Group 3: Supply Optimization Measures - China's rare earth supply is being optimized through measures such as slowing growth in total control indicators, with mining and refining quotas expected to increase by only 5.88% and 4.16% respectively in 2024 [3] - New regulations, including the 2024 Rare Earth Management Regulations, will strictly control production and circulation, enhancing China's control over global supply [3] Group 4: Overseas Supply Challenges - Current overseas rare earth production is primarily from the US, Australia, and Myanmar, with limited growth expected due to slow capacity release [4] - The US relies on the MP mine, which is expected to expand to 60,000 tons by 2026-2027, but lacks sufficient domestic refining capacity [4] - Australia's Lynas operates with limited capacity and high costs, while Myanmar's production is affected by regional instability [4]