上山遗址发掘现场 当时，浙江省文物考古研究所正开展浦阳江流域新石器时代遗址的考古调查工作，考古调查队领队蒋乐 平来到浦江，对渠南村这片区域进行试掘，发现了一件完整的陶鼎，接着又发现了陶罐、陶豆等器物， 确定这是一座良渚文化时期的墓葬。随后，调查队向周边开展延伸考古调查，并将目标锁定在墓葬北面 300米处的一个小山丘。当时谁也没有想到，这个看似普通、连地图上都没有标注的小山丘中，竟埋藏 着一个万年遗址，这就是上山遗址。 （原标题：万年中华，上山启明：访上山遗址） 文博时空 作者 翟德芳 我在杭州看过德寿宫遗址博物馆、又去访问过浙江省博之后，便开始了从浦江上 山遗址开始的杭州湾地区的访古活动。这一地区经济文化发达，考古工作充分，对于古代遗址的发掘和 保护都很到位，对于古代文化、尤其是新石器时代到商周时代的文化发展序列基本摸清，我看后收获很 大。 在杭州湾地区，或曰整个长三角地区，目前发现最早的新石器时代文化遗址是上山遗址，以其为代表的 文化便是上山文化。由此往后，依次是跨湖桥文化、马家浜文化、崧泽文化、河姆渡文化、良渚文化、 广富林文化、马桥文化。到马桥文化时，已经是商周时代了。这些文化的典型遗址，也就是用以命名 ...

Core Insights - The article highlights the significance of the Chengtoushan site in Hunan as the oldest known city in China, dating back approximately 4,800 years, marking a pivotal point in the development of early civilization in the Yangtze River basin [1][4]. Summary by Sections Historical Context - The Chengtoushan site, located in the northwest of Dongting Lake, was discovered in the 1970s and officially excavated starting in 1991, revealing its construction during the Qujialing culture period [1]. - The site has been recognized multiple times for its archaeological importance, including being named one of the top ten archaeological discoveries in China in 1992 and again in 1997 [2]. Archaeological Findings - Excavations have uncovered evidence of early rice cultivation, with rice paddies dating back around 6,500 years, indicating the complexity of prehistoric agricultural societies in the middle Yangtze River region [2]. - The city underwent four construction phases, with the earliest dating back to 6,300-6,100 years ago, featuring a city wall and a planned layout that included residential areas, pottery workshops, and burial sites [3]. Urban Development - The emergence of the city transformed the original settlement structure, with rice fields being abandoned in favor of city walls and defensive structures [3]. - The final urban layout included a significant area of 150,000 square meters, with a well-planned distribution of residential, burial, and industrial zones, indicating a sophisticated social organization [3]. Economic and Cultural Significance - Chengtoushan served as a regional center with a dense population, advanced pottery industry, and effective social management, reflecting its role as a hub for resource distribution and information exchange [4]. - Artifacts found at the site suggest long-distance trade connections, highlighting the complexity of social interactions and economic activities in prehistoric China [4].