【书中问学】 作者：陈胜前、洪鉴璇（分别系中国人民大学历史学院考古文博系教授；中国人民大学历史学院考古文博系 博士生） 叩问早期中国：从文献迷雾到考古实证 公众对于早期中华文明的认识，多集中于夏商周三代。再往前追溯，则常感记载寥寥，甚至因文献不足而对 夏代等历史阶段的存在产生疑问。至于更古远的"三皇五帝"时代，更往往被视为缥缈的传说。20世纪前半 叶，古史辨派曾对古史文献进行深刻反思，提示了早期历史书写的复杂性。若无实证，对古史保持审慎态度 确有其理。然而，现代考古学的兴起，以持续发现的物质遗存，为我们打开了另一扇认知的大门。它不仅揭 示了人类诞生前地球的浩瀚历史，也勾勒出人类从简单工具到复杂社会、从小型游群到庞大国家的演进轨 迹。考古学家通过物质遗存"揭示"而非"书写"历史，一层层揭开历史的封土，让被遗忘的过往重见天日。 《文化上的早期中国》 韩建业 著 大象出版社 认识"早期中国"，正须依赖考古学这把钥匙。韩建业的新著《文化上的早期中国》，即致力于解答"何谓早期 中国"这一根本问题。参观过宝鸡青铜器博物院的人，可能还记得其镇馆之宝——西周早期青铜器何尊上的一 句话：余其宅兹中国，自兹乂民。这是周武王灭商之 ...

新庙庄遗址地处泥河湾盆地，位于张家口市阳原县新庙庄村西。历经四年系统考古发掘，构建起跨越12 万年的六期文化序列，填补完善了泥河湾盆地早期现代人形成演化阶段的旧石器文化序列。遗址发现的 东亚最早、距今4.5万年至4.2万年的小石叶技术遗存，揭示3万年至2.7万年之间小石叶、细石叶技术发 展过程等，直接回应了国际早期现代人起源与细石叶技术来源两大前沿课题，为探索华北旧新石器过渡 阶段古人类石器原料的开发利用提供了重要材料。 （来源：河北新闻网） 转自：河北新闻网 冀时新闻报道 河北是中华文明重要发祥地之一，是中华文明多元一体格局形成和发展的重要区域，近 年来，河北省持续深耕文明探源，取得了一系列重大成果。日前，张家口阳原县新庙庄旧石器时代遗址 和郑家沟红山文化遗址双双入选2025年中国考古新成果，实现我省双项目同届入选的历史性突破。该评 选自2002年设立以来，河北省已有八个考古项目入选。 河北是中华文明重要发祥地之一，此次入选的这两处遗址，分别为人类演化与文明融合研究提供了关键 实证。 河北省文物考古研究院研究馆员 王法岗：在这个地点我们发现了石器加工厂，规模非常大，发现了这 种打制石器有八万多件，而且他这个 ...

立足田野 叩问古今（考古中国） 裴李岗文化是中原地区发现最早的新石器时代文化之一，分布范围广、对周边地区影响很大。对裴李岗 遗址的考古发掘，确认下层存在旧石器时代晚期文化遗存，为探索中原地区旧—新石器过渡提供了新的 重要材料。遗址出土了数量丰富的陶塑，主要为人物及动物形象，其中的人面獠牙像是目前发现最早的 人面獠牙形象之一，可能是新石器时代晚期神面形象的源头之一。对出土的陶质小口尖底瓶的检测，发 现了采用水稻为原料的红曲霉发酵技术进行酿酒的证据，为探索仰韶文化尖底瓶的起源提供了重要线 索。 新庙庄和裴李岗两个遗址，自上世纪七八十年代起就进行过多次发掘，如今，新一轮考古调查、发掘与 多学科方法的运用，揭示出多个新地点和前所未有的材料与信息，使老遗址再次焕发出新活力。这也提 醒我们：在新的学术理念和科技手段支撑下，一些早期调查、发掘、研究过的区域或遗址，可能仍具备 以前未能认识到的学术价值。 红山文化晚期人群为何在辽西地区突然失踪？他们迁徙到了何处？长久以来，这个问题一直困扰着学 界。郑家沟红山文化遗址的发掘，终于解开了谜团。碳14测年显示，郑家沟遗址1号积石冢年代距今 5100年至4800年，遗物既保留了红山文 ...

Core Insights - The article emphasizes the importance of cultural prosperity and development in Zhengzhou, aligning with national and provincial directives to enhance cultural and tourism integration [1][6][7] Group 1: Cultural Development and Heritage - Zhengzhou is recognized for its rich archaeological resources, including significant sites like the Peiligang site, which are crucial for understanding the origins of Chinese civilization [2][7] - The city has made substantial progress in archaeological discoveries, heritage protection, and the revitalization of cultural assets, aiming to make historical artifacts accessible and engaging for the public [3][4] Group 2: Tourism and Economic Impact - In 2025, Zhengzhou received 1.8 billion domestic tourists and 329,700 overnight international visitors, generating tourism revenue of 220.67 billion yuan, reflecting an 8.2% year-on-year increase [5] - The city has hosted numerous cultural events and performances, significantly contributing to local economic growth, with 37 large-scale performances attracting 650,000 attendees and generating approximately 3 billion yuan in consumption [5] Group 3: Future Strategies and Goals - Zhengzhou aims to continue enhancing its cultural and tourism sectors by focusing on the construction of a "Hua Xia Civilization Heritage Demonstration Center" and a "Cultural Tourism Strong City" [6][8] - The city plans to deepen archaeological research and public engagement, promoting cultural exchange and collaboration with international partners, particularly along the Belt and Road Initiative [7][8]

来源：科技日报 科技日报记者 崔爽 12月5日，在中国考古博物馆举办的"球幕影院超高清视界焕新暨二里头遗址数字影片发布会"上，3D球 幕影片《考古遗址中的文明——二里头》正式上线。这部采用AI+8K+3D等数字技术的影片，带领观众 穿越3800年时空，见证"最早中国"的文明图景。 该片为中国联通与中国考古博物馆联合推出的"中华文明元宇宙展示3D球幕系列"第二部作品，首部作 品《考古遗址中的文明——陶寺》于去年推出。 值得一提的是，此次合作中，中国考古博物馆对球幕影院进行了全面升级。全新搭载的直径约16米的 LED透声球幕，以8K超高清分辨率和HDR 10Bit色彩，结合三维全景声系统，实现真正的身临其境。 为更好地呈现这一重大考古成果，联通在线广州公司（联通沃音乐文化有限公司）团队深入遗址现场， 充分发挥5G、AI等优势，运用扩展现实、三维建模、裸眼3D等前沿手段，对遗址和文物进行毫米级数 字化扫描和复原。基于共同的文化使命，双方通过"科技+文化"的"加法"，迸发出"乘法"效应。 中国联通表示，希望与中国考古博物馆继续并肩，将"中华文明元宇宙展示3D球幕系列"打造成持续创 新的文化IP，通过数字技术，让收藏在 ...

Core Insights - The discovery and excavation of the Zhengzhou Shang City site have significantly advanced the understanding of early Shang civilization, marking its 70th anniversary this year [5][6][12] - The site has transitioned from being an underground heritage to a vibrant cultural landmark, integrating historical preservation with modern urban life [4][22] Archaeological Findings - The Zhengzhou Shang City site features a massive city layout with a wall structure nearly 7 kilometers long, predating the Anyang Yin Ruins [6][12] - Recent excavations have uncovered the largest storage facilities from the early Shang period, with 17 newly discovered long rectangular earthen foundations [8] - The site has revealed the most extensive water system from the early Shang, indicating advanced planning and functionality [9][11] - New findings include bronze casting workshops, challenging previous assumptions about the distribution of such facilities [9][12] Cultural and Historical Significance - The Zhengzhou site is crucial for understanding the transition between the Xia and Shang dynasties, serving as a key archaeological link [12][15] - The site has provided substantial evidence for the existence of a significant political entity before the Shang dynasty, supporting the historical narrative of the Xia dynasty [17] - The discovery of the site has filled gaps in the archaeological record between the Erlitou culture and the Yin Ruins, establishing a continuous historical narrative [15][17] Public Engagement and Development - The establishment of the Zhengzhou Shang City National Archaeological Park and the museum has facilitated public engagement with the site [19][21] - Innovative educational programs have attracted over 13,000 participants, enhancing community interaction with the archaeological heritage [21] - The integration of cultural heritage into urban development is seen in the revitalization of historical areas, promoting tourism and local culture [22][23]

Core Viewpoint - The 2025 Summer Cultural Forum held in Zhoukou highlights the significance of archaeological findings in understanding the formation of Chinese civilization, particularly during the Xia Dynasty, which is crucial for the 5000-year history of Chinese civilization [1] Group 1: Archaeological Achievements - During the "14th Five-Year Plan" period, Henan Province has made significant archaeological discoveries, including 12 major findings that were published on the National Cultural Heritage Administration's "Archaeological China" platform [2] - Henan has led the nation with a total of 55 projects recognized as national top ten archaeological discoveries, reflecting the central role of the Central Plains in the development of Chinese civilization [2] Group 2: Key Archaeological Sites - The Gongyi Shuanghuashu site, dating back approximately 5300 years, is a significant settlement from the Yangshao culture, providing critical materials for understanding the origins of Chinese civilization [3] - The Erlitou site is identified as the late capital of the Xia Dynasty and has been repeatedly recognized as a top archaeological discovery [3] - The Huaiyang Shizhuang site is the earliest known granary city from the Xia Dynasty, offering valuable insights into early state grain storage and management [3] - The Zhengzhou Shangdu Shuyuan Street cemetery represents the highest status noble burial site discovered in the early Shang Dynasty [3] Group 3: Ongoing Archaeological Initiatives - Henan Province has conducted over 7500 archaeological exploration projects and more than 1300 excavation projects during the "14th Five-Year Plan" period, leading to numerous important discoveries [4] - The province's "archaeology first, then land transfer" policy has set a national precedent, influencing the newly revised "Cultural Relics Protection Law of the People's Republic of China" [4] - Future plans include advancing archaeological reforms and enhancing research capabilities to promote the study of Chinese civilization and achieve high-quality development in archaeology [4]

Core Points - The Liangzhu Ancient City site has been officially listed as a UNESCO World Heritage site, recognized as a testament to 5,000 years of Chinese civilization and a treasure of world civilization [1][3] - The site has implemented advanced protection systems using new technologies and traditional culture to enhance economic and social development [1][4] - The Liangzhu Forum has been established as a platform for cultural exchange and dialogue, promoting the understanding and appreciation of Chinese civilization [1][13] Group 1: Heritage Protection and Research - The Liangzhu site is utilizing plant essential oils as a "skincare product" to inhibit moss growth, which can damage the site [3][4] - A new laboratory dedicated to the protection of earthen sites in humid environments is set to open in 2024, enhancing preservation efforts [3][4] - Recent archaeological findings at the site include over 20 water dams and four north-south earth mounds, showcasing the social mobilization capabilities of the Liangzhu civilization [4][5] Group 2: Cultural and Economic Development - The Liangzhu cultural corridor is being developed, integrating various cultural and creative projects, with 74 key cultural projects launched this year [9][13] - The local economy is benefiting from the cultural heritage, with over 1,500 enterprises established in the Liangzhu New Town, contributing to the digital cultural industry [8][9] - The Liangzhu culture has inspired numerous creative products, with hundreds of items available across various categories, enhancing local cultural identity [9][10] Group 3: International Collaboration and Dialogue - The Liangzhu site has engaged in international dialogue with other world heritage sites, promoting cultural exchange and understanding [11][12] - The Liangzhu Forum has become a significant platform for civilizational dialogue among countries involved in the Belt and Road Initiative [13] - The Liangzhu culture is increasingly recognized globally, serving as a window for the dissemination of Chinese culture [13]

Core Insights - The Peking University Sackler Museum of Archaeology and Art serves as a modern museum and a specialized archaeological museum, showcasing over 13,000 artifacts that reflect the history of archaeology at Peking University since its establishment in 1993 [1][2] - The museum features a special exhibition commemorating the 100-year history of archaeology at Peking University, highlighting significant milestones and contributions to the field [1][2] Group 1: Historical Development - The Archaeology Research Office was established at Peking University in 1922, marking the beginning of modern archaeology in China, with Ma Heng as its first director [2] - In 1952, Peking University founded the first archaeology program in Chinese higher education, which later developed the "Peking Model" of field archaeology training [2][5] Group 2: Academic Contributions - The Archaeology Department has expanded its academic disciplines to include religious archaeology, ceramic archaeology, and environmental archaeology, among others, contributing to the understanding of human culture and the origins of Chinese civilization [2][5] - Notable archaeologists associated with Peking University include Ma Heng, Xiang Da, and Su Bingqi, who have significantly influenced the field over the past century [2] Group 3: Recent Achievements - Peking University has participated in 39 archaeological projects that received national recognition, with 16 projects included in the "Top 100 Archaeological Discoveries of the Century" [5][8] - Recent excavations, such as those at the Sanxingdui site and the Zhouyuan site, have provided critical insights into the development of early Chinese cities and metallurgy [5][8] Group 4: Future Outlook - The Peking University Archaeology Department aims to continue its role in exploring and preserving Chinese civilization, as emphasized by the department head, Shen Ruiwen, who stated that the responsibility is "unavoidable" [8]

Core Insights - The Peking University Sackler Museum of Archaeology and Art serves as a modern museum and a specialized archaeological museum, showcasing over 13,000 artifacts that reflect the history of archaeology at Peking University since its establishment in 1993 [1][2] Group 1: Historical Development - The Archaeology Research Office was established at Peking University in 1922, marking the beginning of modern archaeology in China, with Ma Heng as its first director [1][2] - In 1952, Peking University established the first archaeology program in Chinese higher education, which later developed the "Peking Model" of field archaeology training [2][3] Group 2: Academic Contributions - The Archaeology Department has expanded its academic fields to include religious archaeology, ceramic archaeology, and environmental archaeology, contributing to significant research on the origins of modern humans and the early development of Chinese civilization [2][3] - Notable archaeologists associated with Peking University include Ma Heng, Xiang Da, and Su Bingqi, who have collectively contributed to the field over the past century [2] Group 3: Recent Achievements - Peking University has participated in 39 archaeological projects recognized as "Top Ten New Archaeological Discoveries" in China, with 16 projects included in the "Top 100 Archaeological Discoveries of the Century" [5] - Recent excavations, such as those at the Sanxingdui site and the Zhouyuan site, have provided critical insights into the development of Chinese civilization and urbanization during the Zhou dynasty [3][5] Group 4: Future Outlook - The Peking University Archaeology Department is committed to continuing its role in the exploration of Chinese civilization and cultural heritage preservation, as emphasized by the department head, Shen Ruiwen [5]