转自：北京日报客户端 日本首相高市早苗近期妄称"台湾有事"可能构成日本可行使集体自卫权的"存亡危机事态"，公然挑衅战 后国际秩序。众所周知，日本军国主义过去曾多次以所谓"存亡危机"为借口悍然发动侵略战争。今年是 中国人民抗日战争暨世界反法西斯战争胜利80周年，军国主义幽灵却仍徘徊在日本上空。高市早苗涉台 妄言充分暴露日本军国主义阴魂不散、觊觎台湾之心不死。这不仅直接挑战中国核心利益，而且严重破 坏地区和平稳定，对世界和平构成隐患，国际社会必须共同加以阻击。 （作者为中国社会科学院日本研究所外交研究室副主任） 来源：人民日报 作者: 常思纯 从日本内部因素来看，二战后，日本社会始终未能对驱动其发动侵略战争的军国主义思想进行彻底且全 面的批判与肃清。一批军国主义分子及其家族后裔，再度跻身日本权力中枢并活跃于政坛，为军国主义 思想抬头埋下了深重隐患。20世纪50年代中期以来，日本政府纵容右翼势力多次蓄意篡改历史教科书， 淡化、歪曲甚至否认侵略历史，企图系统性向年轻一代灌输关于日本侵略历史的错误认知，为军国主义 还魂提供社会土壤。靖国神社本是日本军国主义发动对外侵略战争的精神工具和象征，而今越来越多的 日本政客通过参 ...

Group 1 - The core argument is that Europe must fully support Ukraine to prevent the conflict from spilling over into their own territories, as historical lessons indicate that ignoring threats leads to greater troubles [2][4]. - European leaders are increasingly aware of the need to take concrete actions to build a protective barrier against potential threats, moving beyond mere economic considerations to prioritize defense spending and military readiness [2][4]. - The collective anxiety among European nations has shifted their reliance from the United States to a more self-sufficient approach in ensuring their security, as they recognize the unreliability of external support [3][4]. Group 2 - The decision-makers in Europe have realized that failing to support Ukraine could result in severe consequences for themselves, prompting a shift in focus from moral obligations to practical security needs [4][5]. - Countries like Germany and Poland are significantly increasing their military expenditures and capabilities, understanding that current investments are essentially purchasing future security [3][5]. - The historical context of European relations with powerful neighbors has led to a consensus that appeasement strategies have failed, and a united front in supporting Ukraine is essential to safeguard their own stability [3][4].

Core Viewpoint - The article discusses the strategic decisions made by the British government in the 1930s, highlighting the complexities of the UK's imperial decline and its implications for the origins of World War II [4][5]. Group 1: Historical Context - The year 2025 marks the 80th anniversary of the end of World War II, with significant events such as the victory over Nazi Germany and the subsequent geopolitical shifts [3]. - The British Empire faced unprecedented crises post-war, including a surprising electoral defeat for wartime leader Winston Churchill, leading to a shift in government priorities [3][4]. Group 2: Economic and Military Dynamics - By the 1930s, British industrial output accounted for less than 10% of global totals, creating a disparity between economic capacity and imperial responsibilities [4]. - The British government recognized the need for military rearmament in response to rising threats from Germany, Italy, and Japan, marking a shift from previous isolationist policies [7][8]. Group 3: Strategic Decision-Making - The British government established the "Defense Requirements Committee" in 1933 to coordinate military planning, reflecting a proactive approach to emerging threats [7]. - The Treasury played a crucial role in military planning, balancing short-term military needs with long-term economic stability [5][14]. Group 4: The "Fourth Service" Concept - The concept of the "Fourth Service" emerged, emphasizing the importance of economic stability as a foundation for military strategy, with the Treasury acting as a key player in defense planning [16][17]. - The focus on air power became a priority, with significant investments in the Royal Air Force leading to advancements in aircraft production by 1939 [17]. Group 5: Challenges and Miscalculations - The UK faced a dilemma between military expansion and maintaining economic stability, leading to a cautious approach to rearmament [11][14]. - The appeasement policy, particularly under Neville Chamberlain, was rooted in an overestimation of deterrence capabilities, ultimately leading to misjudgments regarding Hitler's intentions [20][21]. Group 6: War Readiness and Outcomes - Despite the challenges, the "Fourth Service" strategy allowed the UK to build a capable defense force, which proved essential during the early stages of World War II [23]. - The rapid fall of France and the subsequent global escalation of the war highlighted the limitations of British strategic planning and the inability to control the evolving conflict [23][24].

Core Viewpoint - The European Union is considering a proposal to purchase 50 billion euros worth of American goods to ease tensions over tariffs imposed by the Trump administration, indicating a willingness to compromise in the ongoing trade dispute [1][3][5]. Group 1: EU's Response to Tariffs - The EU's trade commissioner has stated that the EU will not accept a 10% baseline tariff on European goods as a long-term solution to the trade dispute with the U.S. [1] - The EU is contemplating increasing purchases of American products, such as natural gas and soybeans, to reduce the trade deficit and appease U.S. concerns [3][5]. - This approach suggests that Europe is in a difficult position and lacks the confidence to confront the U.S. directly, opting instead for negotiation [3][5]. Group 2: Potential Outcomes of Compromise - If the EU successfully negotiates the purchase of 50 billion euros in U.S. goods in exchange for the cancellation of the 10% tariff, it could lead to a mutually beneficial situation where European goods can continue to enter the U.S. market [6]. - However, achieving a favorable agreement that satisfies all 27 EU member states will be challenging, as it may require sacrificing individual national interests [8]. - The EU's hesitation to retaliate against U.S. tariffs reflects a broader uncertainty among international entities, including Japan, on how to effectively respond to U.S. trade policies [8].