Group 1 - Three vocational colleges in Guangdong have been officially upgraded to vocational undergraduate universities, namely Guangzhou Vocational University, Shunde Vocational University, and Shenzhen Information Vocational University [1][2] - With this upgrade, Guangdong now has a total of seven vocational undergraduate universities, including four previously approved institutions [1] - Guangzhou Vocational University will offer six undergraduate programs, including Intelligent Manufacturing Engineering Technology and Financial Technology Application [1] Group 2 - Shenzhen Information Vocational University will provide five undergraduate programs, focusing on Software Engineering Technology and Integrated Circuit Engineering Technology [2] - Shunde Vocational University will also offer six undergraduate programs, including Industrial Internet Technology and Robotics Technology [2] - The newly established universities each have unique characteristics and a strong focus on specific fields of study [1][2]

Core Viewpoint - The Ministry of Education in China has announced the proposed establishment of 10 new higher education institutions, including both public and private universities, with a focus on research-oriented education and vocational training [1][3]. Group 1: New Universities - Among the 10 proposed institutions, 5 are newly established universities, 1 is a renamed regular undergraduate university, and 4 are vocational undergraduate universities [1][3]. - The new universities include Bay Area University, Ningbo Oriental University of Technology, and Hainan Police Academy, among others [1][3]. Group 2: Research-Oriented Universities - Bay Area University aims to become a new type of research-oriented university with a focus on science and engineering, targeting an enrollment of around 10,000 students by 2030, with a balanced ratio of undergraduate to graduate students [4]. - Ningbo Oriental University of Technology is established with the mission to serve national development and social progress, focusing on basic research and engineering technology [5]. - The emergence of new research-oriented universities reflects a trend in China towards innovative governance and educational models, with examples including Southern University of Science and Technology and Shanghai University of Science and Technology [5][6]. Group 3: Vocational Education - The announcement includes 4 vocational undergraduate universities, contributing to the growing number of such institutions in China, which has reached a total of 87 [7]. - The rise of vocational undergraduate schools is driven by the demand for skilled professionals who possess both theoretical knowledge and practical skills, appealing to students and parents alike [7][8].