Core Viewpoint - The research led by Professor Tao Wei from Harvard Medical School demonstrates that IL-10-mRNA nanoparticles can significantly enhance cancer immunotherapy effectiveness and induce lasting anti-tumor immune memory, effectively preventing cancer recurrence [2][3][5]. Group 1: Research Findings - The study confirms that intravenous injection of IL-10-mRNA nanoparticles triggers strong immune surveillance in various preclinical tumor models while reducing systemic toxicity [4]. - IL-10-mRNA nanoparticles maintain local IL-10 production, promoting extensive infiltration and proliferation of cytotoxic T cells, activation and maturation of dendritic cells, and upregulation of MHC-I molecules in immunosuppressive early-stage liver cancer [5]. - In a model of advanced liver cancer, the combination of IL-10-mRNA nanoparticles and immune checkpoint blockade therapy achieved complete tumor clearance in 43% of mice, extending median survival sixfold compared to the immune checkpoint blockade alone, and providing 100% protection against tumor reattack [5][7]. Group 2: Implications for Treatment - The strategy of intravenous injection of IL-10-mRNA nanoparticles is expected to overcome the limitations faced by recombinant IL-10 in clinical trials for various immunosuppressive tumors [7].