Group 1 - Macron's recent energy policy proposals have failed to gain traction on the international stage, highlighting the challenges of unifying EU member states around a common strategy against Russian energy imports [1][2][5] - The internal divisions within the EU, particularly with countries like Germany and Hungary heavily reliant on Russian energy, make it unlikely that Macron's proposed tariffs on Russian oil will be accepted [3][4][6] - The U.S. has shown reluctance to support Macron's initiatives, as American companies benefit from trade with Russia, indicating a complex interdependence in global energy markets [6][7] Group 2 - In contrast to Macron's struggles, Sino-Russian energy cooperation is progressing smoothly, with China set to increase its oil imports from Russia by 2.5 million tons annually, reflecting a long-term strategic partnership [10] - By 2024, China is expected to import 108 million tons of crude oil from Russia, accounting for half of Russia's total exports, and the majority of trade is conducted in local currencies, bypassing the dollar [10][12] - China's diversified energy sourcing strategy, including significant imports from the Middle East and Africa, ensures energy security and reduces reliance on any single supplier [12][13] Group 3 - The ongoing energy crisis in Europe, exacerbated by the loss of cheap Russian gas, has led to rising industrial costs and public discontent, prompting Macron's aggressive stance as a means to deflect domestic issues [15][16] - The internal contradictions within the EU regarding energy policies and sanctions against Russia reveal a lack of cohesion, undermining the effectiveness of collective action [16][18] - Globally, the energy landscape is shifting, with China emerging as a dominant player in energy imports and investments, while Russia pivots towards Eastern partnerships in response to Western sanctions [17][18][20]