在进入美联储时，米兰仍保留着白宫经济顾问委员会主席的头衔。 今年9月，美联储联邦公开市场委员（FOMC）议息会议出现了11:1的投票结果。 唯一一位对降息25个基点持有异议的，是刚刚履职仅一天的理事米兰（Stephen Miran）。他更为激进地 主张应一次性降息50个基点。 不到一周后，米兰于9月22日现身纽约希尔顿中城区的经济俱乐部，公开承认自己在货币政策立场上与 其他FOMC成员存在分歧。他明确提出，适当的联邦基金利率应在2%左右，这几乎比当前政策水平低 了2个百分点。 更引发争议的是，米兰在进入美联储履职的同时，仍保留着白宫经济顾问委员会（CEA）主席的职务， 只是暂时休假且不领取薪酬。这一安排进一步引发了外界对于特朗普政府可能借此对美联储的独立性施 加不当影响的担忧。 米兰秉持怎样的经济理念？他坚称当前利率过高，究竟是出于对经济现实的判断，还是隐藏着某种政治 议程？他独树一帜的"异见者"身份又将为美联储带来怎样的冲击？ 从华尔街到华盛顿 1983年，米兰出生于美国纽约州的洛克兰郡，他的父母都是美国社会保障管理局的公职人员。米兰称， 他的父母对政策抱有浓厚兴趣，他因此也从小深受这种氛围的感染。 200 ...

Group 1 - Adam Smith's economic ideas initially inspired Chinese intellectuals, particularly during the late 19th and early 20th centuries, but ultimately did not take root in Chinese academic thought [2][3] - The shift in Chinese economic thought in the 1930s was led by Ma Yinchu, who proposed a balanced approach between free capitalism and Soviet-style socialism in his work "Economic Reconstruction of China" [3][5] - The Chinese Economic Society, founded in 1923, evolved to focus on practical economic issues rather than purely theoretical discussions, reflecting the changing priorities of its members [6][7] Group 2 - Ma Yinchu's economic philosophy transitioned from early liberalism to advocating for a "third way" that combined elements of both capitalism and socialism, influenced by the successes and failures of both systems [8][10] - The "third way" was characterized by a recognition of the limitations of extreme capitalism and communism, leading to a call for a mixed economic model that would suit China's unique conditions [9][11] - Ma Yinchu's ideas gained traction among influential figures in the government and business sectors, facilitating discussions on the implementation of controlled economic policies in China [16][17] Group 3 - The concept of "controlled economy" proposed by Ma Yinchu was distinct from Soviet-style planning, emphasizing the need for a balanced approach to production and distribution to avoid the pitfalls of both extreme capitalism and communism [14][15] - Ma Yinchu argued that China's socio-economic challenges required a departure from individualism towards a more collective approach, drawing inspiration from Friedrich List's nationalism [11][12] - The rapid acceptance of Ma Yinchu's "third way" among Chinese intellectuals and policymakers was evident in the discussions and resolutions of the Chinese Economic Society and its influence on national economic policies [17][18]