获得性遗传

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华人学者本周发表5篇Cell论文:超越达尔文进化论;新型镇痛药;大脑中的恋爱开关;抑郁药抗肿瘤;让人类看见红外线的隐形眼镜
生物世界· 2025-05-24 01:00
Group 1: New Pain Relief Drug - A new experimental pain relief drug, SBI-810, has been developed that provides effective pain relief for both acute and chronic pain, targeting the neurotensin receptor-1 (NTSR1) and activating specific pain signals while avoiding addiction-related side effects [3][6] - The research highlights the potential of NTSR1 biased allosteric modulators as a promising non-addictive pain management strategy, addressing both peripheral and central nervous system mechanisms [6] Group 2: Love Switch in the Brain - A study identified a specific group of neurons in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) that regulates "romantic interest," integrating hormonal states and social cues to control social behaviors [8][11] - This research provides a theoretical basis and potential intervention targets for understanding gender-related social disorders, revealing a "love switch" in the brain that is dynamically regulated by hormonal changes [11] Group 3: Antidepressants Enhancing Cancer Immunotherapy - Research indicates that the serotonin transporter (SERT) acts as an immune checkpoint, and selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) can significantly enhance T cell anti-tumor immunity, inhibiting tumor growth in various cancer models [13][17] - SSRIs, widely used for depression, show promise as candidates for cancer immunotherapy, potentially offering a more accessible treatment option compared to developing new cancer drugs [17] Group 4: Evidence for Acquired Inheritance Theory - A study provides direct evidence for the theory of acquired inheritance in rice, demonstrating that cold tolerance traits can be inherited through DNA methylation, challenging traditional Darwinian evolution frameworks [19][24] - The research reveals that environmental-induced epigenetic mutations can be stably inherited, offering new insights into adaptive evolution and innovative strategies for crop breeding [24] Group 5: Near-Infrared Vision Contact Lenses - A team developed wearable near-infrared (NIR) upconversion contact lenses that enable humans to perceive NIR spatial and color information, showcasing the potential of polymer materials in non-invasive visual enhancements [26][29] - This innovation could have broad applications in medical, information processing, and visual assistance technologies, potentially offering new solutions for visual impairments such as color blindness [29]
Cell:超越达尔文进化论,为拉马克“平反”,我国学者发现“获得性遗传”直接证据
生物世界· 2025-05-23 07:57
Core Viewpoint - The research provides direct evidence supporting Lamarck's theory of "inheritance of acquired characteristics" by demonstrating that rice can inherit adaptive cold tolerance through DNA methylation without any changes in DNA sequence, challenging the traditional Darwinian framework of evolution [3][11]. Group 1: Research Findings - The study reveals that repeated exposure to cold stress during rice breeding can induce heritable cold tolerance [9]. - Cold-induced DNA demethylation of the ACT1 gene mediates the acquisition of cold tolerance [9][11]. - The research team confirmed that the ACT1 gene's promoter region has lower DNA methylation levels in cold-tolerant rice compared to non-cold-tolerant varieties, establishing a causal relationship between epigenetic changes and cold tolerance [7][11]. Group 2: Methodology and Results - The research involved exposing a cold-sensitive rice variety to -15°C for seven days before transferring it to a natural environment, leading to significant cold tolerance in subsequent generations [6][9]. - The study found that the cold-tolerant rice maintained its cold resistance over five generations, indicating a rapid adaptation process compared to traditional natural selection [6][9]. - Genomic sequencing showed no significant genetic differences related to cold tolerance, prompting the investigation into epigenetic variations [7][8]. Group 3: Implications for Agriculture - The findings suggest a new paradigm for understanding adaptive evolution, providing innovative solutions for crop breeding in response to global climate change [11][12]. - The research proposes a novel approach for crop breeding termed "adversity domestication - phenotypic screening - mutation identification - precise editing," aimed at enhancing crop resilience [11].
中国科学家揭示水稻冷适应调控机制 实证“获得性遗传”理论
Huan Qiu Wang Zi Xun· 2025-05-23 03:39
Core Viewpoint - The research conducted by the team led by Academician Cao Xiaofeng from the Chinese Academy of Sciences provides direct molecular evidence supporting the theory of "acquired inheritance" by demonstrating that environmentally induced epigenetic variations can mediate adaptive traits across generations in rice [2][10]. Group 1: Research Findings - The study established a multi-generational cold stress screening system, successfully obtaining rice strains with significantly enhanced cold resistance that exhibit stable inheritance over at least five generations after the removal of cold stress [4][7]. - The research identified a key variation site in the promoter region of the Arabidopsis galactin gene ACT1, where the loss of methylation allows for the expression of ACT1 to no longer be suppressed by low temperatures [5][8]. - The findings revealed a complete regulatory pathway for cold adaptation, where low-temperature stress downregulates the expression of DNA methyltransferase MET1b, leading to the loss of DNA methylation at the ACT1 promoter, which activates ACT1 expression and confers cold resistance to rice [7][10]. Group 2: Implications for Agriculture - The research introduces a new breeding strategy termed "adversity domestication-epigenetic variation identification-precise editing," which offers innovative solutions for agricultural production challenges posed by global climate change [2]. - The study's analysis of DNA methylation in 131 local rice varieties from three major rice-growing regions in China indicates a "south high, north low" gradient in DNA methylation status of ACT1, suggesting that epigenetic variation is a key domestication site for cold adaptation in rice as it migrates northward [8].