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爸妈的基因谁对你影响更大?
Hu Xiu· 2025-06-16 12:36
Group 1 - The core concept of epigenetics is introduced, highlighting that even with the same genetic makeup, the effects can differ due to epigenetic factors [3][11] - The discussion includes the importance of both maternal and paternal contributions to genetic expression, emphasizing that both are necessary for normal development [10][31] - The phenomenon of genomic imprinting is explained, where certain genes are expressed based on their parental origin, leading to different outcomes despite identical genetic sequences [11][27] Group 2 - The presentation discusses specific genetic disorders, such as Prader-Willi syndrome and Angelman syndrome, which arise from the same genetic defect but result in different diseases due to the parent-of-origin effects of imprinted genes [23][28] - The role of DNA methylation as a key epigenetic modification is highlighted, explaining how it influences gene expression and the identification of parental origin [34][37] - The concept of a "methylation clock" is introduced, indicating that DNA methylation patterns can serve as biomarkers for aging and may change over time, potentially leading to age-related diseases [45][50]
华人学者本周发表5篇Cell论文:超越达尔文进化论;新型镇痛药;大脑中的恋爱开关;抑郁药抗肿瘤;让人类看见红外线的隐形眼镜
生物世界· 2025-05-24 01:00
Group 1: New Pain Relief Drug - A new experimental pain relief drug, SBI-810, has been developed that provides effective pain relief for both acute and chronic pain, targeting the neurotensin receptor-1 (NTSR1) and activating specific pain signals while avoiding addiction-related side effects [3][6] - The research highlights the potential of NTSR1 biased allosteric modulators as a promising non-addictive pain management strategy, addressing both peripheral and central nervous system mechanisms [6] Group 2: Love Switch in the Brain - A study identified a specific group of neurons in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) that regulates "romantic interest," integrating hormonal states and social cues to control social behaviors [8][11] - This research provides a theoretical basis and potential intervention targets for understanding gender-related social disorders, revealing a "love switch" in the brain that is dynamically regulated by hormonal changes [11] Group 3: Antidepressants Enhancing Cancer Immunotherapy - Research indicates that the serotonin transporter (SERT) acts as an immune checkpoint, and selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) can significantly enhance T cell anti-tumor immunity, inhibiting tumor growth in various cancer models [13][17] - SSRIs, widely used for depression, show promise as candidates for cancer immunotherapy, potentially offering a more accessible treatment option compared to developing new cancer drugs [17] Group 4: Evidence for Acquired Inheritance Theory - A study provides direct evidence for the theory of acquired inheritance in rice, demonstrating that cold tolerance traits can be inherited through DNA methylation, challenging traditional Darwinian evolution frameworks [19][24] - The research reveals that environmental-induced epigenetic mutations can be stably inherited, offering new insights into adaptive evolution and innovative strategies for crop breeding [24] Group 5: Near-Infrared Vision Contact Lenses - A team developed wearable near-infrared (NIR) upconversion contact lenses that enable humans to perceive NIR spatial and color information, showcasing the potential of polymer materials in non-invasive visual enhancements [26][29] - This innovation could have broad applications in medical, information processing, and visual assistance technologies, potentially offering new solutions for visual impairments such as color blindness [29]
Cell:超越达尔文进化论,为拉马克“平反”,我国学者发现“获得性遗传”直接证据
生物世界· 2025-05-23 07:57
Core Viewpoint - The research provides direct evidence supporting Lamarck's theory of "inheritance of acquired characteristics" by demonstrating that rice can inherit adaptive cold tolerance through DNA methylation without any changes in DNA sequence, challenging the traditional Darwinian framework of evolution [3][11]. Group 1: Research Findings - The study reveals that repeated exposure to cold stress during rice breeding can induce heritable cold tolerance [9]. - Cold-induced DNA demethylation of the ACT1 gene mediates the acquisition of cold tolerance [9][11]. - The research team confirmed that the ACT1 gene's promoter region has lower DNA methylation levels in cold-tolerant rice compared to non-cold-tolerant varieties, establishing a causal relationship between epigenetic changes and cold tolerance [7][11]. Group 2: Methodology and Results - The research involved exposing a cold-sensitive rice variety to -15°C for seven days before transferring it to a natural environment, leading to significant cold tolerance in subsequent generations [6][9]. - The study found that the cold-tolerant rice maintained its cold resistance over five generations, indicating a rapid adaptation process compared to traditional natural selection [6][9]. - Genomic sequencing showed no significant genetic differences related to cold tolerance, prompting the investigation into epigenetic variations [7][8]. Group 3: Implications for Agriculture - The findings suggest a new paradigm for understanding adaptive evolution, providing innovative solutions for crop breeding in response to global climate change [11][12]. - The research proposes a novel approach for crop breeding termed "adversity domestication - phenotypic screening - mutation identification - precise editing," aimed at enhancing crop resilience [11].