Core Insights - Ocean acidification has reached critical levels, posing a significant threat to marine ecosystems and coastal economies, as it has exceeded the "planetary boundaries" five years ago [1][2] - The average pH level of the global ocean environment is very close to the threshold of ocean acidification, with carbonate concentration in seawater being 20% lower than pre-industrial levels as of 2020 [1] Group 1 - Ocean acidification is described as a "twin evil" of the climate crisis, resulting from the chemical reaction of carbon dioxide with water, leading to a decrease in seawater pH [1] - A recent study involving multiple research institutions indicates that 60% of ocean areas at depths of 200 meters have already surpassed safe acidification thresholds [2] - The decline in pH levels adversely affects the growth and survival of marine organisms such as corals and oysters, which struggle to maintain their calcium structures [2] Group 2 - Experts emphasize that reducing carbon dioxide emissions is the only viable solution to mitigate ocean acidification, with a focus on the most vulnerable species and regions [2] - The urgency of the situation is highlighted by the statement from the chair of the International Alliance to Combat Ocean Acidification, indicating that the future of humanity depends on timely action [2]