Core Insights - The research presents a comprehensive human proteome profile across a 50-year lifespan, revealing aging trajectories and signatures [2][3][21] - It identifies a significant aging turning point around the age of 50, with blood vessels being the earliest and most affected tissue [4][12][21] - The study highlights the decline in protein homeostasis as a core mechanism of aging, with implications for chronic inflammatory diseases and conditions like Alzheimer's [9][10][22] Group 1: Research Methodology - The study utilized ultra-sensitive mass spectrometry combined with machine learning algorithms to construct a proteomic aging map across seven physiological systems and 13 key tissues [3][21] - A total of 516 samples from 76 individuals aged 14-68 were collected, covering various organs such as the heart, aorta, lungs, and muscles [6][21] - The research identified 12,771 proteins, establishing organ-specific protein expression characteristics [7][21] Group 2: Key Findings on Aging - The research found that the correlation between mRNA and its translated proteins significantly decreases with age, particularly in the spleen, muscles, and lymph nodes [7][21] - Aging leads to a collapse of protein homeostasis, characterized by decreased synthesis capabilities, impaired folding and transport, and accumulation of amyloid proteins and immunoglobulins [9][21] - Blood vessels are identified as a "senohub," driving systemic aging processes through the expression of pro-aging proteins like GAS6 [14][15][21] Group 3: Implications for Anti-Aging Strategies - The study suggests potential anti-aging interventions targeting pro-aging proteins, such as developing CAR-T cell therapies against membrane proteins like GPNMB and neutralizing circulating proteins like GAS6 [18][21] - It emphasizes the importance of early intervention before the age of 50 to protect blood vessels and potentially delay systemic aging [18][21] - The findings provide a new paradigm for understanding systemic aging mechanisms through the lens of protein homeostasis imbalance and vascular aging [22]

撰文丨王聪 编辑丨王多鱼 排版丨水成文 最近，关于 牛磺酸 的研究接连登上三大顶刊 Science 、 Cell 和 Nature ，这些研究揭示了 牛磺酸的新功 能—— 抗衰老 【1】 、 提高癌症治疗效果 【2】 、 抗肥胖 【3】 ，当然，也不都是好消息，今年 5 月份发 表在 Nature 上的一项则显示， 肿瘤微环境中的牛磺酸会促进白血病 【4】 。 2025 年 6 月 5 日，牛磺酸研究再次登上顶刊 Science ，来自美国国立卫生研究院国家老龄化研究所的研 究团队 ，发表了题为： Is taurine an aging biomarker? （牛磺酸是衰老标志物吗？） ， 直接质疑了牛磺 酸作为衰老的生物标志物的观点 【5】 。 该研究显示：1）成年期循环牛磺酸浓度不会随年龄增长而下降；2）个体间循环牛磺酸浓度的差异通常大 于其一生中的纵向变化，这限制了其作为衰老生物标志物的实用性；3）循环牛磺酸浓度与健康状况的功能 指标之间的关联取决于具体情境 （年龄、物种或队列） ——。 研究团队进一步得出结论—— 牛磺酸浓度与衰老之间没有明显关联，循环牛磺酸浓度也就不太可能成为一 种良好的衰老生物标志 ...